Figures & data
Notes: Illustration of the heterodimeric IL-22 receptor (IL-22R), consisting of IL-22R1 (blue) and IL-10Rβ (purple) chains and the associated signaling molecules.
Abbreviation: IL-22, interleukin-22; MAPK, mitogen-associated protein kinase.
Abbreviation: IL-22, interleukin-22; MAPK, mitogen-associated protein kinase.
Notes: The binding of IL-22 to its cognate receptor (IL-22R) activates a signaling cascade that can ultimately result in the induction of cell proliferation and enhancement of cell survival through induction of antiapoptotic programs, as well as in the production of antimicrobial peptides.
Abbreviation: IL-22, interleukin-22.
Abbreviation: IL-22, interleukin-22.
Notes: IL-22 is produced by both innate (ILC3s and γδ T-cells) and adaptive (αβ CD4+ Th17 and/or Th22 as well as CD8+ Tc17 and/or Tc22 subsets) immune cells in the gut. This occurs in response to a variety of signals, including cytokines; most importantly, IL-23 produced by DCs in response to environmental factors, including AhR ligands, dietary-derived compounds, and bacterially derived products featuring PAMPs recognized by PRR. In addition, environmental factors can also regulate IL-22 production by directly targeting IL-22-producing cell populations. Cytokines can also suppress IL-22 production directly, by antagonizing its production (TGF-β and IL-27), or indirectly, by suppressing IL-23 production (IL-25). IL-22-binding protein (IL-22BP), a soluble IL-22 receptor, binds IL-22 and prevents it from signaling its target cell populations.
Abbreviations: AhR, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor; DC, dendritic cell; IL, interleukin; PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern; PRR, pattern recognition receptor; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor beta; IL-22, interleukin-22.
Abbreviations: AhR, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor; DC, dendritic cell; IL, interleukin; PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern; PRR, pattern recognition receptor; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor beta; IL-22, interleukin-22.