Effects of major parameters of nanoparticles on their physical and chemical properties and recent application of nanodrug delivery system in targeted chemotherapy

Figures & data

Table 1 Nanoparticle-based products for cancer approved by FDA and/or EMA

Product (trade name)	Application in cancer
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin	Kaposi’s sarcoma, ovary, breast, myeloma
Liposomal daunorubicin	Kaposi’s sarcoma
NAB-paclitaxel (Abraxane^®)	Breast, lung, pancreas
Liposomal doxorubicin	Breast
Liposomal vincristine (Marqibo^®)	Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Liposomal cytarabine (DepoCyt^®)	Lymphomatous meningitis
Liposomal mifamurtide (Mepact^®)	Osteosarcoma
Low-pegylated liposomal irinotecan (Nal-IRI^®)	Pancreas (Phase III completed, awaiting new drug application)

Abbreviations: EMA, European Medicines Agency; FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; NAB, nanoparticle albumin–bound.

Table 2 The newest advances and targeted sites in using nanoparticles as delivery systems for anticancer drugs

Nanoparticles	Newest advances/targeted sites
Liposomes	Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, Kaposi’s sarcoma, T-cells, inner ear disease, MCF7/Adr cells, liver cancer H22 cells, CaCo-2 cells, melanoma, tumor immunotherapy
Polymeric micelles	Leukemia K562 cells, Hela cells, COS7 cells, MCF7/Adr cells, gastric cancer cells, SCC7 cells, overcome MDR
Dendrimers	C6 glioma, psoriasis skin, eye diseases, gene delivery, overcome BBB barrier and brain diseases
Carbon nanotubes	BEL-7402 cell, gene delivery, fibroblast cells, surface functionalization
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles	MCF7/Adr cells, 4T1 breast cancer, gene delivery, cardiovascular disease, non-small-cell lung cancer, overcome MDR
Gold nanoparticles	Lung cancer, MDA-MB-231 cells, melanoma cells, HepG2 tumor cells, SERS nanogrid sensor

Abbreviations: BBB, blood–brain barrier; MDR, multiple drug resistance; SERS, surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

Figure 1 Enhanced permeability and retention effect. We can see from the picture that big NPs will be removed by some protein once they enter the blood, whereas NPs >100 nm can be trapped inside the solid tumors effectively, so they remain in the blood circulation for a long period. Therefore, the size of nanomedicine is very important.

Abbreviation: NPs, nanoparticles.

Figure 2 Schematic of constantly perfected process of personalized nanomedicine.