Figures & data
Figure 1 Flowchart of protocols for sol-gel-derived calcium silicate cements (CSCs).
Note: The sol-gel synthetic processes of various CSCs with different reactant mixing orders and nitric acid catalyst concentrations.
Abbreviation: TEOS, tetraethyl orthosilicate.
Figure 2 Fourier transform infrared spectra of sol-gel-derived calcium silicate cements (sCSC), comprising so400, sn400, and sn200. (A) Gel products after drying; (B) powder products after calcination.
Figure 3 Microstructure of conventional calcium silicate cement (cCSC) and sol-gel-derived calcium silicate cements (sCSC), comprising so400, sn400, sn300, sn200, and sn100, in powder form (5,000×). The arrows indicate pores in sCSC.
Figure 4 X-ray powder diffraction patterns of conventional calcium silicate cement (cCSC) and sol-gel-derived calcium silicate cements (sCSC), comprising so400, sn400, sn300, sn200, and sn100. Materials in powder form (A), and material hydration for 1 day (B) and 7 days (C).
Figure 5 Fractured surface microstructure of various hydrated sol-gel-derived calcium silicate cements (sCSCs), comprising so400, sn400, and sn200, obtained through different synthesizing protocols. Materials hydrated for 1 day (A–C) and 7 days (D–F).
Figure 6 Results for the setting time (A), compressive strength of 7-day hydrated products (B), and surface microhardness of 4- and 24-h hydrated products (C) for each test material. The different letters indicate significant differences (p<0.05).
Figure 7 Results for the compressive strength of 7-day hydrated products (A) and surface microhardness of 24-h hydrated products (B) for each test material hydrated in a pH 5 environment. The different letters indicate significant differences (p<0.05).
Figure 8 Cell viability of mineralizing rat pulpal cell (MRPC-1) for each test material evaluated with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, using a Transwell model. The different letters indicate significant differences (p<0.05).
