Biocompatibility of Fe₃O₄/DNR magnetic nanoparticles in the treatment of hematologic malignancies

Figures & data

Table 1 Hemolysis test of compound nanoparticles Fe₃O₄-MNPs/DNR (n = 3, Mean ± SD)

Groups	OD	HR (%)
Saline as negative control	0.0013 ± 0.002	–
100 mg/mL of compound nanoparticles	0.019 ± 0.004	2.908
50 mg/mL of compound nanoparticles	0.0167 ± 0.002	2.530
25 mg/mL of compound nanoparticles	0.016 ± 0.001	2.415
Distilled water as positive control	0.610 ± 0.015	–

Abbreviations: Fe₃O₄-MNPs, magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles; DNR, daunorubicin; OD, optical density; HR, hemolysis rate; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 The result of the micronucleus test of magnetic nanoparticles Fe₃O₄- MNPs/DNR.

Notes: A1) normal bone marrow of mice observed by optical microscope (Giemsa staining, 10 × 100); B1) normal bone marrow of mice observed by optical microscope (DAPI staining, 10 × 100); A2) formation of micronucleus observed through fluorescence microscope (Giemsa staining, 10 × 100); B2) formation of micronucleus observed through fluorescence microscope (DAPI staining, 10 × 100) (Formation of micronucleus are indicated by “→”).

Abbreviations: Fe₃O₄-MNPs, magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles; DNR, daunorubicin; DAPI, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.

Table 2 Micronucleus test of magnetic nanoparticles Fe₃O₄-MNPs/DNR

Groups	MN formulation rate (‰)
Saline as negative control	1.9c
1.25 g/kg of Fe3O4-MNPs/DNR	2.1a–c
2.5 g/kg of Fe3O4-MNPs/DNR	2.2a–c
3.75 g/kg of Fe3O4-MNPs/DNR	2.0a–c
5.0 g/kg of Fe3O4-MNPs/DNR	2.5a–c
12.5 mg/kg of DNR	2.4a,c
25.0 mg/kg of DNR	2.3a,c
37.5 mg/kg of DNR	2.6a,c
50.0 mg/kg of DNR	2.8a,c
100 mg/kg of CTX as positive control	26.7

a Notes: P > 0.05, Magnetic nanoparticles Fe₃O₄-MNPs/DNR groups compared with negative control;

b P > 0.05, magnetic nanoparticles Fe₃O₄-MNPs/DNR group compared with isodose DNR group;

c P < 0.05, magnetic nanoparticles Fe₃O₄-MNPs/ DNR groups and isodose DNR groups compared with positive group.

Abbreviations: Fe₃O₄-MNPs, magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles; DNR, daunorubicin; MN, micronucleus; CTX, cyclophosphamid.

Figure 2 The mice weight after being intraperitoneally injected with magnetic nanoparticles Fe₃O₄-MNPs/DNR at three different time points.

Notes: There was no significant difference in mice weight of the magnetic nanoparticles Fe₃O₄-MNPs/DNR group, isodose DNR group, and negative group at 24, 48, and 72 hours (P > 0.05).

Abbreviations: Fe₃O₄-MNPs, magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles; DNR, daunorubicin.

Figure 3 The result of hepatic and renal function of mice in acute toxicity testing.

Notes: ALT, BUN, and Ccr of the compound nanoparticles Fe₃O₄-MNPs/DNR group or isodose DNR group showed no significant difference compared with the negative group (P > 0.05).

Abbreviations: Fe₃O₄-MNPs, magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles; DNR, daunorubicin; ALT, alanine transarninase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Ccr, creatinine clearance rate.