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International Journal of Nanomedicine Volume 13, 2018 - Issue
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Original Research

Nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods for in vivo CT/MRI-guided photothermal cancer therapy

Luyao Xia1 Department of Hematology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People’s Republic of China, [email protected];2 College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People’s Republic of China, [email protected]
,
Chao Zhang1 Department of Hematology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People’s Republic of China, [email protected]
,
Min Li1 Department of Hematology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People’s Republic of China, [email protected]
,
Kaiyu Wang1 Department of Hematology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People’s Republic of China, [email protected]
,
Yushan Wang1 Department of Hematology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People’s Republic of China, [email protected]
,
Peipei Xu1 Department of Hematology, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People’s Republic of China, [email protected]Correspondence[email protected]
&
Yong Hu2 College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, People’s Republic of China, [email protected]Correspondence[email protected]
 show all
Pages 7123-7134 | Published online: 06 Nov 2018

Figures & data

Figure 1 Synthesis of Au-TEMPO NRs.

Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

Figure 1 Synthesis of Au-TEMPO NRs.Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

Table 1 Zeta-potential of Au NRs, Au-mPEG-COOH NRs, and Au-TEMPO NRs

Figure 2 (A) TEM image of Au NRs, (B) XPS spectra of Au-TEMPO NRs. (C) UV–vis absorption spectra of TEMPO, Au NRs, and Au-TEMPO NRs. (D) EPR signals of TEMPO and Au-TEMPO NRs. (E) EPR signal of Au-TEMPO NRs stored in PBS at 0, 7, and 30 days.

Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

Figure 2 (A) TEM image of Au NRs, (B) XPS spectra of Au-TEMPO NRs. (C) UV–vis absorption spectra of TEMPO, Au NRs, and Au-TEMPO NRs. (D) EPR signals of TEMPO and Au-TEMPO NRs. (E) EPR signal of Au-TEMPO NRs stored in PBS at 0, 7, and 30 days.Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

Figure 3 Cytotoxicity profiles of 4T1 cells (A) and HUVECs (B) post 12-hour incubation with Au-TEMPO NRs solution with different Au concentrations by using MTT assay.

Abbreviations: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Figure 3 Cytotoxicity profiles of 4T1 cells (A) and HUVECs (B) post 12-hour incubation with Au-TEMPO NRs solution with different Au concentrations by using MTT assay.Abbreviations: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Figure 4 (A) CT images and HU values of Au-TEMPO NRs and iodixanol solutions. (B) MR images and T1 signals of Au-TEMPO NRs and Gd-DTPA solutions. (C) CT and (D) T1-weighted MR images of tumor after orthotopic injection of Au-TEMPO NRs in female BALB/c mice for 0–12 hours.

Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

Figure 4 (A) CT images and HU values of Au-TEMPO NRs and iodixanol solutions. (B) MR images and T1 signals of Au-TEMPO NRs and Gd-DTPA solutions. (C) CT and (D) T1-weighted MR images of tumor after orthotopic injection of Au-TEMPO NRs in female BALB/c mice for 0–12 hours.Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

Figure 5 (A) Temperature–time curves of laser-irradiated Au-TEMPO NRs solution and PBS ([Au]=1,000 µg/mL, laser: 808 nm, 1.13 W/cm2). (B) Cell viability of 4T1 cells irradiated with 808-nm laser for 15 minutes with different concentrations of Au-TEMPO NRs via MTT assay. (C) Apoptotic analysis of 4T1 cells after 12 hours of treatment of NPs with Annexin V–FITC/PI staining.

Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

Figure 5 (A) Temperature–time curves of laser-irradiated Au-TEMPO NRs solution and PBS ([Au]=1,000 µg/mL, laser: 808 nm, 1.13 W/cm2). (B) Cell viability of 4T1 cells irradiated with 808-nm laser for 15 minutes with different concentrations of Au-TEMPO NRs via MTT assay. (C) Apoptotic analysis of 4T1 cells after 12 hours of treatment of NPs with Annexin V–FITC/PI staining.Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

Figure 6 Fluorescence images of 4T1 cells which underwent laser irradiation post the Au-TEMPO NRs incubation.

Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

Figure 6 Fluorescence images of 4T1 cells which underwent laser irradiation post the Au-TEMPO NRs incubation.Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

Figure 7 (A) In vivo bio-distribution (blood, heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) studies of the Au-TEMPO NRs (0, 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after injection). (B) Representative pathological images of main organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney at 0, 24, and 48 hours after injection) after H&E staining.

Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

Figure 7 (A) In vivo bio-distribution (blood, heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) studies of the Au-TEMPO NRs (0, 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after injection). (B) Representative pathological images of main organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney at 0, 24, and 48 hours after injection) after H&E staining.Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

Figure 8 (A) Tumor volumes; (B) survival curves; and (C) body weight of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice received different treatments. Laser: 808 nm, 1.13 W/cm2. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n=8).

Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

Figure 8 (A) Tumor volumes; (B) survival curves; and (C) body weight of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice received different treatments. Laser: 808 nm, 1.13 W/cm2. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n=8).Abbreviation: Au-TEMPO NRs, nitroxide-radicals–modified gold nanorods.

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