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International Journal of Nanomedicine Volume 13, 2018 - Issue
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Original Research

Decreased Porphyromonas gingivalis adhesion and improved biocompatibility on tetracycline-loaded TiO2 nanotubes: an in vitro study

Lei Sun1 Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, [email protected]
,
Jiliang Xu1 Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, [email protected]
,
Zihuan Sun1 Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, [email protected]
,
Fang Zheng2 Department of Mathematics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
,
Chun Liu1 Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, [email protected]
,
Chao Wang1 Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, [email protected]
,
Xiaoye Hu3 Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
,
Lunguo Xia4 Department of Orthodontics, Collage of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
,
Zhou Liu5 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
&
Rong Xia1 Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China, [email protected]Correspondence[email protected]
 show all
Pages 6769-6777 | Published online: 24 Oct 2018

Figures & data

Figure 1 SEM images of the surface morphologies of different substrates: (A) PT, (B) NT, and (C) NT-T.

Note: Inserted images display the observed morphologies at high magnification.

Abbreviations: NT, nanotubes; NT-T, tetracycline-loaded nanotubes; PT, pure titanium; SEM, scanning electron microscopy.

Figure 1 SEM images of the surface morphologies of different substrates: (A) PT, (B) NT, and (C) NT-T.Note: Inserted images display the observed morphologies at high magnification.Abbreviations: NT, nanotubes; NT-T, tetracycline-loaded nanotubes; PT, pure titanium; SEM, scanning electron microscopy.

Table 1 The chemical compositions of the PT, NT, and NT-T substrates by XPS

Figure 2 The XPS patterns of the PT, NT, NT-T substrates: (A) Ti, (B) O, (C) N, and (D) C.

Abbreviations: NT, nanotubes; NT-T, tetracycline-loaded nanotubes; PT, pure titanium; XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Figure 2 The XPS patterns of the PT, NT, NT-T substrates: (A) Ti, (B) O, (C) N, and (D) C.Abbreviations: NT, nanotubes; NT-T, tetracycline-loaded nanotubes; PT, pure titanium; XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Figure 3 The surface contact angles and water drop profiles of the PT, NT, and NT-T substrates.

Notes: The contact angle is expressed as a measure of hydrophilicity of different substrates. The error bars represent means ± SD (n=3). *A significant difference compared with PT (P<0.05).

Abbreviations: NT, nanotubes; NT-T, tetracycline-loaded nanotubes; PT, pure titanium.

Figure 3 The surface contact angles and water drop profiles of the PT, NT, and NT-T substrates.Notes: The contact angle is expressed as a measure of hydrophilicity of different substrates. The error bars represent means ± SD (n=3). *A significant difference compared with PT (P<0.05).Abbreviations: NT, nanotubes; NT-T, tetracycline-loaded nanotubes; PT, pure titanium.

Figure 4 The fraction release of tetracycline from NT-T substrates in vitro (n=3).

Abbreviation: NT-T, tetracycline-loaded nanotubes.

Figure 4 The fraction release of tetracycline from NT-T substrates in vitro (n=3).Abbreviation: NT-T, tetracycline-loaded nanotubes.

Figure 5 Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of different substrates for 3 hours.

Notes: (A) SEM of bacterial adhesion on the surfaces of the PT, NT, and NT-T for 3 hours (a–c); Fluorescence microscope images of bacterial colonies adhered on the PT, NT, and NT-T (d–f). (B) Bacterial CFU from different substrates for 3 hours. The error bars represent means ± SD (n=3). *A significant difference compared with PT (P<0.05). #A significant difference compared with NT (P<0.05).

Abbreviations: CFU, colony-forming units; NT, nanotubes; NT-T, tetracycline-loaded nanotubes; PT, pure titanium; SEM, scanning electronic microscopy.

Figure 5 Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of different substrates for 3 hours.Notes: (A) SEM of bacterial adhesion on the surfaces of the PT, NT, and NT-T for 3 hours (a–c); Fluorescence microscope images of bacterial colonies adhered on the PT, NT, and NT-T (d–f). (B) Bacterial CFU from different substrates for 3 hours. The error bars represent means ± SD (n=3). *A significant difference compared with PT (P<0.05). #A significant difference compared with NT (P<0.05).Abbreviations: CFU, colony-forming units; NT, nanotubes; NT-T, tetracycline-loaded nanotubes; PT, pure titanium; SEM, scanning electronic microscopy.

Figure 6 BMSCs on the substrates.

Notes: (A–C) The comparison of bacterial colonies adhered on the PT, NT, and NT-T at the 48-hour point. (D) MTT assay. Formazan absorbance expressed as a measure of cell proliferation from BMSCs cultured on different substrates for 1, 3, and 5 days. (E) Alkaline phosphatase activity of BMSCs cultured on different substrates for 3, 5, and 7 days. The error bars represent means ± SD (n=3). *A significant difference compared with PT (P<0.05).

Abbreviations: BMSCs, bone marrow stromal cells; NT, nanotubes; NT-T, tetracycline-loaded nanotubes; PT, pure titanium.

Figure 6 BMSCs on the substrates.Notes: (A–C) The comparison of bacterial colonies adhered on the PT, NT, and NT-T at the 48-hour point. (D) MTT assay. Formazan absorbance expressed as a measure of cell proliferation from BMSCs cultured on different substrates for 1, 3, and 5 days. (E) Alkaline phosphatase activity of BMSCs cultured on different substrates for 3, 5, and 7 days. The error bars represent means ± SD (n=3). *A significant difference compared with PT (P<0.05).Abbreviations: BMSCs, bone marrow stromal cells; NT, nanotubes; NT-T, tetracycline-loaded nanotubes; PT, pure titanium.

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