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International Journal of Nanomedicine Volume 14, 2019 - Issue
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Original Research

Confined growth of multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres for improved computed tomography imaging and photothermal therapy

Limei Qin1 Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, [email protected]; [email protected]
,
Dechao Niu1 Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, [email protected]; [email protected]Correspondence[email protected] [email protected]
,
Yu Jiang1 Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, [email protected]; [email protected]
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Jianping He1 Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, [email protected]; [email protected]
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Xiaobo Jia1 Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, [email protected]; [email protected]
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Wenru Zhao1 Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, [email protected]; [email protected]
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Pei Li2 Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
&
Yongsheng Li1 Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China, [email protected]; [email protected]Correspondence[email protected] [email protected]
 show all
Pages 1519-1532 | Published online: 25 Feb 2019

Figures & data

Figure 1 TEM images of Au seeds@DMSSs (A, B), MGNRs@DMSSs (C, D) at different magnifications. STEM images of MGNRs@DMSSs under dark field (E) and corresponding EDS elemental mapping of overlap O (F1), Si (F2) and Au (F3) in a single nanosphere.

Abbreviations: TEM, transmission electron microscopy; Au seeds@DMSSs, gold seeds encapsulated dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; MGNRs@DMSSs, extracted multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; STEM, scanning transmission electron microscopy; EDS, energy dispersive spectroscopy.

Figure 1 TEM images of Au seeds@DMSSs (A, B), MGNRs@DMSSs (C, D) at different magnifications. STEM images of MGNRs@DMSSs under dark field (E) and corresponding EDS elemental mapping of overlap O (F1), Si (F2) and Au (F3) in a single nanosphere.Abbreviations: TEM, transmission electron microscopy; Au seeds@DMSSs, gold seeds encapsulated dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; MGNRs@DMSSs, extracted multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; STEM, scanning transmission electron microscopy; EDS, energy dispersive spectroscopy.

Figure 2 TEM images and corresponding UV-vis-NIR spectra of MGNRs@DMSSs prepared using different growth solutions in varying volumes of HAuCl4: (A1–A4) 2.5 mL, (B1–B4) 3 mL, and (C1–C4) 5 mL.

Abbreviations: MGNRs@DMSSs, extracted multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; UV, ultraviolet; NIR, near-infrared; TEM, transmission electron microscopy.

Figure 2 TEM images and corresponding UV-vis-NIR spectra of MGNRs@DMSSs prepared using different growth solutions in varying volumes of HAuCl4: (A1–A4) 2.5 mL, (B1–B4) 3 mL, and (C1–C4) 5 mL.Abbreviations: MGNRs@DMSSs, extracted multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; UV, ultraviolet; NIR, near-infrared; TEM, transmission electron microscopy.

Figure 3 (A–C) TEM images of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs at different magnifications, (D) FT-IR spectra of as-prepared MGNRs@DMSSs, MGNRs@DMSSs, and PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs. (E) Dynamic light scattering (DLS) of MGNRs@DMSSs and PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs. (F) Long-term colloidal stability of MGNRs@DMSSs and PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs in RMPI-1640 with 10% calf serum. (G) UV-vis-NIR spectra of Au Seeds@DMSSs, as-prepared MGNRs@DMSSs, MGNRs@DMSSs, and PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs.

Abbreviations: TEM, transmission electron microscopy; PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs, PEG-modified multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; as-prepared MGNRs@DMSSs, as-prepared multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; MGNRs@DMSSs, extracted multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; Au Seeds@DMSSs, gold seeds encapsulated dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres.

Figure 3 (A–C) TEM images of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs at different magnifications, (D) FT-IR spectra of as-prepared MGNRs@DMSSs, MGNRs@DMSSs, and PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs. (E) Dynamic light scattering (DLS) of MGNRs@DMSSs and PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs. (F) Long-term colloidal stability of MGNRs@DMSSs and PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs in RMPI-1640 with 10% calf serum. (G) UV-vis-NIR spectra of Au Seeds@DMSSs, as-prepared MGNRs@DMSSs, MGNRs@DMSSs, and PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs.Abbreviations: TEM, transmission electron microscopy; PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs, PEG-modified multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; as-prepared MGNRs@DMSSs, as-prepared multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; MGNRs@DMSSs, extracted multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; Au Seeds@DMSSs, gold seeds encapsulated dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres.

Figure 4 (A) Photothermal effect of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs aqueous solution at different Au concentrations with NIR laser irradiated (808 nm, 1.5 W cm−2) for 5 minutes. (B) Photothermal stability of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs with Au concentration of 0.135 mg/mL during five cycles of 808 nm NIR laser irradiation (1.5 W/cm2) for 300 seconds and cooling down for 600 seconds. (C) Confocal microscopic images of SMMC-7721 cells treated with different groups: (C1) control group, (C2) laser irradiation only, (C3) PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs only, and (C4) PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs with laser irradiation (all images were stained with calcein AM and PI, where green fluorescence from calcein AM and red fluorescence from PI indicate live and dead cells, respectively). Scale bars are 200 µm. (D) Relative cell viabilities of SMMC-7721 cells after 24 hours incubation with PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs and PEGylated GNRs at different Au concentrations with or without laser irradiation. (E) Flow cell apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells treated with different groups, where green fluorescence from Annexin V-FITC and red fluorescence from PI indicate live and dead cells, respectively.

Abbreviations: PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs, mPEG-silane (Mw =5,000) modified multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; NIR, near-infrared; AM, acetoxymethyl; PI, propidium iodide.

Figure 4 (A) Photothermal effect of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs aqueous solution at different Au concentrations with NIR laser irradiated (808 nm, 1.5 W cm−2) for 5 minutes. (B) Photothermal stability of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs with Au concentration of 0.135 mg/mL during five cycles of 808 nm NIR laser irradiation (1.5 W/cm2) for 300 seconds and cooling down for 600 seconds. (C) Confocal microscopic images of SMMC-7721 cells treated with different groups: (C1) control group, (C2) laser irradiation only, (C3) PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs only, and (C4) PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs with laser irradiation (all images were stained with calcein AM and PI, where green fluorescence from calcein AM and red fluorescence from PI indicate live and dead cells, respectively). Scale bars are 200 µm. (D) Relative cell viabilities of SMMC-7721 cells after 24 hours incubation with PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs and PEGylated GNRs at different Au concentrations with or without laser irradiation. (E) Flow cell apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells treated with different groups, where green fluorescence from Annexin V-FITC and red fluorescence from PI indicate live and dead cells, respectively.Abbreviations: PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs, mPEG-silane (Mw =5,000) modified multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; NIR, near-infrared; AM, acetoxymethyl; PI, propidium iodide.
Figure 4 (A) Photothermal effect of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs aqueous solution at different Au concentrations with NIR laser irradiated (808 nm, 1.5 W cm−2) for 5 minutes. (B) Photothermal stability of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs with Au concentration of 0.135 mg/mL during five cycles of 808 nm NIR laser irradiation (1.5 W/cm2) for 300 seconds and cooling down for 600 seconds. (C) Confocal microscopic images of SMMC-7721 cells treated with different groups: (C1) control group, (C2) laser irradiation only, (C3) PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs only, and (C4) PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs with laser irradiation (all images were stained with calcein AM and PI, where green fluorescence from calcein AM and red fluorescence from PI indicate live and dead cells, respectively). Scale bars are 200 µm. (D) Relative cell viabilities of SMMC-7721 cells after 24 hours incubation with PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs and PEGylated GNRs at different Au concentrations with or without laser irradiation. (E) Flow cell apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells treated with different groups, where green fluorescence from Annexin V-FITC and red fluorescence from PI indicate live and dead cells, respectively.Abbreviations: PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs, mPEG-silane (Mw =5,000) modified multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; NIR, near-infrared; AM, acetoxymethyl; PI, propidium iodide.

Figure 5 (A) CT scanning images and (B) corresponding CT attenuation plot of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs and PEGylated GNRs in varying Au concentrations in the range from 0 to 5.3 mg/mL. (C) In vivo CT images and (D) corresponding HU value of normal nude mice liver at 10 minutes post administration of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs (5.3 mg/mL, 100 µL). (E) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images of major organs in nude mice treated with PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs at 24 hours post-injection.

Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs, PEG-modified multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; PEGylated GNRs, PEGylated gold nanorods; HU, Hounsfield unit.

Figure 5 (A) CT scanning images and (B) corresponding CT attenuation plot of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs and PEGylated GNRs in varying Au concentrations in the range from 0 to 5.3 mg/mL. (C) In vivo CT images and (D) corresponding HU value of normal nude mice liver at 10 minutes post administration of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs (5.3 mg/mL, 100 µL). (E) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images of major organs in nude mice treated with PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs at 24 hours post-injection.Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs, PEG-modified multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres; PEGylated GNRs, PEGylated gold nanorods; HU, Hounsfield unit.

Scheme 1 Schematic illustration for the synthesis of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs.

Abbreviations: HAuCl4, chloroauric acid; NaBH4, sodium borohydride; AA, ascorbic acid; mPEG-silane, methoxyl silane functionalized polyethylene glycol; PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs, mPEG-silane (Mw =5,000) modified multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres.

Scheme 1 Schematic illustration for the synthesis of PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs.Abbreviations: HAuCl4, chloroauric acid; NaBH4, sodium borohydride; AA, ascorbic acid; mPEG-silane, methoxyl silane functionalized polyethylene glycol; PEGylated MGNRs@DMSSs, mPEG-silane (Mw =5,000) modified multiple gold nanorices in dual-mesoporous silica nanospheres.

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