Figures & data
Table 1 List of the investigated biorelevant conditions
Figure 1 TEM images with corresponding size, aspect ratio and shape distributions, electron diffraction patterns, Characterization of silver nanoparticles stabilized (A) by citrate (AgNP@C) and (B) by green tea extract (AgNP@GT) consisting of TEM images with corresponding size, aspect ratio and shape distributions, electron diffraction patterns, UV-Vis spectra with characteristic surface plasmon resonance peaks, furthermore mean values for the average hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the particles (pH ~7.2).
Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle; TEM, transmission electron microscopy.
![Figure 1 TEM images with corresponding size, aspect ratio and shape distributions, electron diffraction patterns, Characterization of silver nanoparticles stabilized (A) by citrate (AgNP@C) and (B) by green tea extract (AgNP@GT) consisting of TEM images with corresponding size, aspect ratio and shape distributions, electron diffraction patterns, UV-Vis spectra with characteristic surface plasmon resonance peaks, furthermore mean values for the average hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the particles (pH ~7.2).Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle; TEM, transmission electron microscopy.](/cms/asset/b63a5d2f-ce81-4f20-bf29-c37cde2b9a34/dijn_a_12190655_f0001_c.jpg)
Figure 2 The effect of pH on the aggregation behavior of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles with 10 mM NaCl background concentration.
Notes: Average hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) trend, zeta potential, and UV-Vis spectrum changes of (A) citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, (B) green tea-stabilized AgNP@ GT, observed over 24 hours. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.
Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.
![Figure 2 The effect of pH on the aggregation behavior of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles with 10 mM NaCl background concentration.Notes: Average hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) trend, zeta potential, and UV-Vis spectrum changes of (A) citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, (B) green tea-stabilized AgNP@ GT, observed over 24 hours. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.](/cms/asset/9e255534-6fe0-4966-b4bb-04fbbfbb5e2d/dijn_a_12190655_f0002_c.jpg)
Figure 3 The effect of sodium chloride on the aggregation behavior of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles at pH ~7.2.
Notes: Average hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) trend, zeta potential, and UV-Vis spectrum changes of (A) citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, (B) green tea-stabilized AgNP@ GT, observed over 24 hours. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.
Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.
![Figure 3 The effect of sodium chloride on the aggregation behavior of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles at pH ~7.2.Notes: Average hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) trend, zeta potential, and UV-Vis spectrum changes of (A) citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, (B) green tea-stabilized AgNP@ GT, observed over 24 hours. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.](/cms/asset/5be65dcd-a5f5-47a7-8e96-78af7ef254aa/dijn_a_12190655_f0003_c.jpg)
Figure 4 The effect of cell culture medium components DMEM and FBS on the aggregation behavior of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles.
Notes: Average hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) trend, zeta potential, and UV-Vis spectrum changes of (A) citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, (B) green tea-stabilized AgNP@ GT, observed over 24 hours. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.
Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.
![Figure 4 The effect of cell culture medium components DMEM and FBS on the aggregation behavior of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles.Notes: Average hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) trend, zeta potential, and UV-Vis spectrum changes of (A) citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, (B) green tea-stabilized AgNP@ GT, observed over 24 hours. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.](/cms/asset/03bca48e-2e60-4ec8-860c-83fda4887b8b/dijn_a_12190655_f0004_c.jpg)
Figure 5 The effect of nanoparticle aggregation (citrate-stabilized: AgNP@C, green tea-stabilized: AgNP@GT) on cytotoxicity toward A549 human lung cancer and MRC-5 human fibroblast cells.
Note: Increasing aggregation grades were prepared using 150 mM NaCl for longer time intervals up to 24 hours.
Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.
![Figure 5 The effect of nanoparticle aggregation (citrate-stabilized: AgNP@C, green tea-stabilized: AgNP@GT) on cytotoxicity toward A549 human lung cancer and MRC-5 human fibroblast cells.Note: Increasing aggregation grades were prepared using 150 mM NaCl for longer time intervals up to 24 hours.Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.](/cms/asset/66ad9fd0-7250-47ec-8a8d-16191db3ab69/dijn_a_12190655_f0005_c.jpg)
Figure 6 The effect of nanoparticle aggregation (citrate-stabilized: AgNP@C, green tea-stabilized: AgNP@GT) on the antimicrobial activity against C. neoformans, B. megaterium, and E. coli.
Note: Increasing aggregation grades were prepared using 150 mM NaCl for longer time intervals up to 24 hours.
Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.
![Figure 6 The effect of nanoparticle aggregation (citrate-stabilized: AgNP@C, green tea-stabilized: AgNP@GT) on the antimicrobial activity against C. neoformans, B. megaterium, and E. coli.Note: Increasing aggregation grades were prepared using 150 mM NaCl for longer time intervals up to 24 hours.Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.](/cms/asset/cb41064e-2bd0-4cac-938e-7cca1e70d3db/dijn_a_12190655_f0006_c.jpg)
Figure S1 Left: Raman spectra of the prepared silver nanoparticle samples (citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, green tea-stabilized AgNP@GT), green tea extract (GT) and citrate stabilized silver nanoparticles mixed with green tea (AgNP@C + GT). Right: Baselined comparison of the Raman spectra of AgNP@GT and AgNP@C + GT.
Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.
![Figure S1 Left: Raman spectra of the prepared silver nanoparticle samples (citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, green tea-stabilized AgNP@GT), green tea extract (GT) and citrate stabilized silver nanoparticles mixed with green tea (AgNP@C + GT). Right: Baselined comparison of the Raman spectra of AgNP@GT and AgNP@C + GT.Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.](/cms/asset/04b4dcd9-875a-4dbf-a231-eb4b4372c011/dijn_a_12190655_sf0001_c.jpg)
Figure S2 UV-Vis spectral changes of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles (citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, green tea-stabilized AgNP@GT) on pH =5 and pH =9 with 10 mM NaCl background concentration. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.
Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.
![Figure S2 UV-Vis spectral changes of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles (citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, green tea-stabilized AgNP@GT) on pH =5 and pH =9 with 10 mM NaCl background concentration. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.](/cms/asset/7d833cb3-28df-410e-a205-f6dfc6c33eab/dijn_a_12190655_sf0002_c.jpg)
Figure S3 The effect of glucose on the aggregation behavior of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles with 10 mM NaCl background concentration on pH ~7.2. Average hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) trend, zeta potential, and UV-Vis spectrum changes of (A) citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, (B) green tea-stabilized AgNP@GT, observed over 24 hours. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.
Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.
![Figure S3 The effect of glucose on the aggregation behavior of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles with 10 mM NaCl background concentration on pH ~7.2. Average hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) trend, zeta potential, and UV-Vis spectrum changes of (A) citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, (B) green tea-stabilized AgNP@GT, observed over 24 hours. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.](/cms/asset/b40c6ecf-6e6a-4d19-95c3-ae3c17b99cfd/dijn_a_12190655_sf0003_c.jpg)
![Figure S3 The effect of glucose on the aggregation behavior of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles with 10 mM NaCl background concentration on pH ~7.2. Average hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) trend, zeta potential, and UV-Vis spectrum changes of (A) citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, (B) green tea-stabilized AgNP@GT, observed over 24 hours. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.](/cms/asset/f7921c66-a7ed-4e2d-bfcb-37c25e051145/dijn_a_12190655_sf0003a_c.jpg)
Figure S4 The effect of glutamine on the aggregation behavior of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles with 10 mM NaCl background concentration on pH ~7.2. Average hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) trend, zeta potential, and UV-Vis spectrum changes of (A) citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, (B) green tea-stabilized AgNP@GT, observed over 24 hours. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.
Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.
![Figure S4 The effect of glutamine on the aggregation behavior of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles with 10 mM NaCl background concentration on pH ~7.2. Average hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) trend, zeta potential, and UV-Vis spectrum changes of (A) citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, (B) green tea-stabilized AgNP@GT, observed over 24 hours. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.](/cms/asset/0d6bf8ee-f6ec-4dd4-bc9b-24a458b291bc/dijn_a_12190655_sf0004_c.jpg)
Figure S5 UV-Vis spectral changes of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles (citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, green tea-stabilized AgNP@GT) in the presence of DMEM. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.
Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.
![Figure S5 UV-Vis spectral changes of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles (citrate-stabilized AgNP@C, green tea-stabilized AgNP@GT) in the presence of DMEM. * marks a UV-Vis detection error during the measurements that should be disregarded.Abbreviations: AgNP@C, citrate-capped nanosilver; AgNP@GT, green tea extract-stabilized silver nanoparticle.](/cms/asset/3e72f347-6a7f-431d-8694-19b3956a2e31/dijn_a_12190655_sf0005_c.jpg)