Greater osteoblast densities due to the addition of amphiphilic peptide nanoparticles to nano hydroxyapatite coatings

Figures & data

Figure 1 SEM image of the HA obtained.

Abbreviations: SEM, scanning electron microscopy; HA, hydroxyapatite.

Figure 2 Chemical structure of APNPs.

Abbreviation: APNP, amphiphilic peptide nanoparticle.

Figure 3 XRD pattern of the synthesized HA.

Abbreviations: XRD, X-ray diffraction; HA, hydroxyapatite.

Figure 4 IR spectrum of the synthesized HA.

Abbreviations: IR, infrared; HA, hydroxyapatite.

Figure 5 TEM images of (A–C) synthesized HA. (D) Electron diffraction pattern of HA.

Abbreviations: TEM, transmission electron microscope; HA, hydroxyapatite.

Table 1 Indexation of electron diffraction pattern

Ring	d of ICDD from XRD (Å)	d of HA from TEM (Å)	Error (%)	hkl
1	3.170	3.187	0.53628	102
2	2.814	2.855	1.45700	211
3	2.631	2.538	3.53478	202
4	2.065	2.099	1.64649	113
5	1.722	1.710	0.69686	004
6	1.335	1.335	0.96439	512

Abbreviations: XRD, X-ray diffraction; HA, hydroxyapatite; ICDD, the International Center for Diffraction Data.

Figure 6 SEM images of (A) pHEMA coatings; (B) pHEMA + HA coatings; (C) pHEMA + APNPs coatings; and (D) pHEMA + HA + APNPs coatings.

Abbreviations: SEM, scanning electron microscope; pHEMA, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; HA, hydroxyapatite; APNP, amphiphilic peptide nanoparticle.

Figure 7 Osteoblast density on pHEMA, APNPs, and nanocrystalline HA-coated titanium. Data are mean ± S.E.M.; n=3. P<0.005 for all comparisons.

Abbreviations: pHEMA, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; APNP, amphiphilic peptide nanoparticle; HA, hydroxyapatite; S.E.M., standard error of the mean.