Figures & data
Figure 1 Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of (A) flat alumina and (B) nanoporous alumina-carbon nanotubes.
![Figure 1 Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of (A) flat alumina and (B) nanoporous alumina-carbon nanotubes.](/cms/asset/ef3d17ed-953a-46f3-8ffe-4c55af31d51f/dijn_a_12190694_f0001_c.jpg)
Figure 2 EDAX data of (A) FA and (B) NAMC; scanning electron microscope image of surface of (C) FA and (D) NAMC.
Abbreviations: EDAX, Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscope; FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
![Figure 2 EDAX data of (A) FA and (B) NAMC; scanning electron microscope image of surface of (C) FA and (D) NAMC.Abbreviations: EDAX, Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscope; FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.](/cms/asset/1de6b8ac-aa71-4d6d-83ae-7e0df723d81d/dijn_a_12190694_f0002_c.jpg)
Figure 3 3D Laser scanning microscope showing surface profiles of flat alumina (A and B) and nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (C and D).
![Figure 3 3D Laser scanning microscope showing surface profiles of flat alumina (A and B) and nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (C and D).](/cms/asset/3c2d1575-558a-465e-ab9e-94616462dc04/dijn_a_12190694_f0003_c.jpg)
Figure 4 Average of water contact angle of (A) flat alumina and (B) nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
![Figure 4 Average of water contact angle of (A) flat alumina and (B) nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.](/cms/asset/b70bc7b2-9b6b-419b-80c8-4658d09a34cb/dijn_a_12190694_f0004_c.jpg)
Figure 5 Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of (A) FA-bacteria, (B) FA, (C) NAMC-bacteria and (D) NAMC.
Abbreviations: FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
![Figure 5 Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of (A) FA-bacteria, (B) FA, (C) NAMC-bacteria and (D) NAMC.Abbreviations: FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.](/cms/asset/076bccd2-f330-4f39-b4d1-926205f5d3a5/dijn_a_12190694_f0005_c.jpg)
Figure 6 SEM image from (A) surface of FA-E.coli-S.aureus after biofilm assay, (B) surface of virgin FA, (C) FA-E.coli and FA-S.aureus and (D) NAMC after biofilm assay.
Abbreviations: E. coli, Escherichia coli; FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.
![Figure 6 SEM image from (A) surface of FA-E.coli-S.aureus after biofilm assay, (B) surface of virgin FA, (C) FA-E.coli and FA-S.aureus and (D) NAMC after biofilm assay.Abbreviations: E. coli, Escherichia coli; FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.](/cms/asset/24a28516-85c4-428a-8315-7bb3c0adb5ca/dijn_a_12190694_f0006_c.jpg)
Figure 7 Results of flow cytometry analysis: (A) FA-E. coli, (B) FA-S. aureus, (C) NAMC-E. coli, and (D) NAMC-S. aureus.
Abbreviations: E. coli, Escherichia coli; FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes; PI, propidium iodide; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.
![Figure 7 Results of flow cytometry analysis: (A) FA-E. coli, (B) FA-S. aureus, (C) NAMC-E. coli, and (D) NAMC-S. aureus.Abbreviations: E. coli, Escherichia coli; FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes; PI, propidium iodide; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.](/cms/asset/8540fff6-eb93-4638-baf0-b327de5c6e73/dijn_a_12190694_f0007_c.jpg)
Figure 8 Scanning electron microscope image of cell culture on (A) FA and (B) NAMC after 24 hours, (C) FA, and (D) NAMC after 7 days and control samples.
Abbreviations: FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
![Figure 8 Scanning electron microscope image of cell culture on (A) FA and (B) NAMC after 24 hours, (C) FA, and (D) NAMC after 7 days and control samples.Abbreviations: FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.](/cms/asset/4268fdf0-9991-421f-b695-241994276176/dijn_a_12190694_f0008_c.jpg)
Figure 9 Dental pulp stem cells viability cultured onto flat alumina in comparison with nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes after 24 hours and 7 days.
Abbreviations: FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
![Figure 9 Dental pulp stem cells viability cultured onto flat alumina in comparison with nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes after 24 hours and 7 days.Abbreviations: FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.](/cms/asset/7d9a84d7-6fa9-448b-86dd-227969bbd241/dijn_a_12190694_f0009_c.jpg)
Table S1 Parameters of acid-base Van Oss method