Figures & data
Figure 1 Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of (A) flat alumina and (B) nanoporous alumina-carbon nanotubes.
Figure 2 EDAX data of (A) FA and (B) NAMC; scanning electron microscope image of surface of (C) FA and (D) NAMC.
Abbreviations: EDAX, Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscope; FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
Figure 3 3D Laser scanning microscope showing surface profiles of flat alumina (A and B) and nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (C and D).
Figure 4 Average of water contact angle of (A) flat alumina and (B) nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
Figure 5 Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of (A) FA-bacteria, (B) FA, (C) NAMC-bacteria and (D) NAMC.
Abbreviations: FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
Figure 6 SEM image from (A) surface of FA-E.coli-S.aureus after biofilm assay, (B) surface of virgin FA, (C) FA-E.coli and FA-S.aureus and (D) NAMC after biofilm assay.
Abbreviations: E. coli, Escherichia coli; FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.
Figure 7 Results of flow cytometry analysis: (A) FA-E. coli, (B) FA-S. aureus, (C) NAMC-E. coli, and (D) NAMC-S. aureus.
Abbreviations: E. coli, Escherichia coli; FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes; PI, propidium iodide; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.
Figure 8 Scanning electron microscope image of cell culture on (A) FA and (B) NAMC after 24 hours, (C) FA, and (D) NAMC after 7 days and control samples.
Abbreviations: FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
Figure 9 Dental pulp stem cells viability cultured onto flat alumina in comparison with nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes after 24 hours and 7 days.
Abbreviations: FA, flat alumina; NAMC, nanoporous alumina-multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
Table S1 Parameters of acid-base Van Oss method