Figures & data
Table 1 Height, diameter, and weight of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds with gradient pore diameters (mean±SD, n=4)
Figure 3 Appearance of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds: Scaffold-1 (A), Scaffold-2 (B), and Scaffold-3 (C).
![Figure 3 Appearance of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds: Scaffold-1 (A), Scaffold-2 (B), and Scaffold-3 (C).](/cms/asset/e0bf1d2d-91e2-4fd6-9be1-efc6db39f5aa/dijn_a_12190728_f0003_c.jpg)
Figure 4 Height (A), diameter (B), and weight (C) of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds.
Notes: aP<0.05, vs Scaffold-1. bP<0.05, vs Scaffold-2.
![Figure 4 Height (A), diameter (B), and weight (C) of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds.Notes: aP<0.05, vs Scaffold-1. bP<0.05, vs Scaffold-2.](/cms/asset/1f2d4020-d2a4-4012-8441-f24c1191b0a7/dijn_a_12190728_f0004_b.jpg)
Table 2 Porosity, hot-water dissolution rate, and water swelling rate of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds with gradient pore diameters (mean±SD, %, n=4)
Figure 5 Porosity (A), water swelling rate (B), and hot-water dissolution rate (C) of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds.
Notes: aP<0.05, vs Scaffold-1. bP<0.05, vs Scaffold-2.
![Figure 5 Porosity (A), water swelling rate (B), and hot-water dissolution rate (C) of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds.Notes: aP<0.05, vs Scaffold-1. bP<0.05, vs Scaffold-2.](/cms/asset/bede79d6-fbc5-4660-b2e1-fb0ad87b465b/dijn_a_12190728_f0005_b.jpg)
Figure 6 Hot-water dissolution rate as a function of dissolution time for silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds.
![Figure 6 Hot-water dissolution rate as a function of dissolution time for silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds.](/cms/asset/9e10d599-8c88-4f49-9d2e-e88a0cdb60f2/dijn_a_12190728_f0006_b.jpg)
Figure 7 Hot-water dissolution rate vs dissolution time of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds: (A) Scaffold-1, (B) Scaffold-2, and (C) Scaffold-3.
![Figure 7 Hot-water dissolution rate vs dissolution time of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds: (A) Scaffold-1, (B) Scaffold-2, and (C) Scaffold-3.](/cms/asset/ab178e6b-33b2-4a30-bfe6-d50c53d5a778/dijn_a_12190728_f0007_c.jpg)
Figure 8 Stress–strain curves of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds: (A) Scaffold-1, (B) Scaffold-2, and (C) Scaffold-3. The averaged curves for comparing the three scaffolds (D). The linear fit curves for comparing the elastic modulus of scaffolds (E).
![Figure 8 Stress–strain curves of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds: (A) Scaffold-1, (B) Scaffold-2, and (C) Scaffold-3. The averaged curves for comparing the three scaffolds (D). The linear fit curves for comparing the elastic modulus of scaffolds (E).](/cms/asset/7df9c799-f1ea-4b4c-a6e5-4bd32e97f778/dijn_a_12190728_f0008_c.jpg)
Table 3 Water swelling rate of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds with gradient pore diameters before and after compression (mean±SD, %, n=4)
Figure 9 The water swelling rate of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds with gradient pore diameters before and after compression.
Note: aP<0.05, vs water swelling rate before compression.
![Figure 9 The water swelling rate of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds with gradient pore diameters before and after compression.Note: aP<0.05, vs water swelling rate before compression.](/cms/asset/2c0e8988-cdc5-4d04-8c6b-6e63fb0fdab5/dijn_a_12190728_f0009_b.jpg)
Table 4 Pore size of the different layers of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds with gradient pore diameters (mean±SD, μm, n=4)
Figure 10 Scanning electron micrographs (×210) showing the internal structure of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds.
Abbreviation: L, layer.
![Figure 10 Scanning electron micrographs (×210) showing the internal structure of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds.Abbreviation: L, layer.](/cms/asset/df0015f4-90fb-42ef-bce6-dde6c737ba70/dijn_a_12190728_f0010_b.jpg)
Figure 11 Pore size of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds (A and B).
Notes: aP<0.05, vs L1. bP<0.05, vs L2. cP<0.05, vs L3.
Abbreviation: L, layer.
![Figure 11 Pore size of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds (A and B).Notes: aP<0.05, vs L1. bP<0.05, vs L2. cP<0.05, vs L3.Abbreviation: L, layer.](/cms/asset/3b09f1b9-cb4d-48d4-928d-778397eabb47/dijn_a_12190728_f0011_b.jpg)
Table 5 Optical density of the cells in different layers of the silk fibroin/chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds (mean±SD, n=4)
Figure 12 Cell proliferation curves corresponding to the different layers of the cell-scaffold complex.
Note: *P<0.05.
Abbreviation: L, layer.
![Figure 12 Cell proliferation curves corresponding to the different layers of the cell-scaffold complex.Note: *P<0.05.Abbreviation: L, layer.](/cms/asset/51de48fc-ec07-429e-90cc-7b9c9e6fad3a/dijn_a_12190728_f0012_c.jpg)