Antioxidant and toxicity studies of biosynthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles in rats

Figures & data

Table 1 Effect of CNPs on hematological parameters in male Wistar rats

Parameters	Control	CNPs 50	CNPs 100	CNPs 200	CNPs 400	P-value
WBC (×10^3/μL)	5.30±0.41	6.32±0.43	6.84±0.36	7.06±0.27	7.00±0.41	NS
RBC (×10^6/μL)	8.18±0.08	7.50±0.22	7.60±0.19	7.30±0.15	7.43±0.25	NS
HCT (%)	54.3±0.16	43.8±1.27	44.2±0.65	42.6±0.98	42.9±1.45	NS
Hb (g/dL)	14.7±0.06	14.2±0.29	14.3±0.21	13.8±0.27	13.8±0.51	NS
PLT (×10^3/μL)	262.6±24.8	223.6±20.98	251±42.67	254.6±24.47	249.2±23.02	NS
MCV (fL)	53.5±0.22	56.2±2.29	57.2±0.35	58±0.38	57.42±0.34	NS
RDW (fL)	13.18±0.10	13.82±0.84	13.60±0.16	14.32±0.48	13.08±0.27	NS

Abbreviations: CNPs, cerium oxide nanoparticles; WBC, white blood cell count; RBC, red blood cell count; Hb, hemoglobin concentration; HTC, hematocrits; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; PLT, platelet count; RDW, RBC distribution width; NS, not significant.

Table 2 Biochemical serum profile of male Wistar rats after 14 days exposure to CNPs

Parameters	Control	CNPs 50	CNPs 100	CNPs 200	CNPs 400	P-value
Glucose (mg/dL)	85.2±3.5	89.4±5.8	78±5.5	80±5	92.8±7.4	NS
Urea (mg/dL)	38.8±1.50	39.2±1.65	40.8±1.8	38.20±1.35	40±1.22	NS
Cr (mg/dL)	0.68±0.026	0.72±0.02	0.7±0.03	0.7±0.028	0.7±0.022	NS
Bill-D (mg/dL)	0.036±0.005	0.034±0.005	0.034±0.005	0.30±0.003	0.032±0.004	NS
Bill-T (mg/dL)	0.25±0.02	0.22±0.03	0.24±0.024	0.21±0.018	0.22±0.023	NS
ALP (IU/L)	77.4±6.30	81.8±9.2	83.4±9.68	71.6±6.20	80.2±6.12	NS
LDH (IU/L)	81.2±8.96	84.6±7.1	80.8±10.20	71.6±6.20	88.8±7.99	NS
AST (IU/L)	62.6±2.62	61.8±3.9	59.2±5.94	55.6±4.67	63.2±4.88	NS
ALT (IU/L)	26.4±1.03	27.8±1.2	22.8±1.77	26.2±1.53	24.6±1.54	NS

Note: All values are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean.

Abbreviations: CNPs, cerium oxide nanoparticles; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; Cr, creatinine; Bill-D/T, direct and total bilirubin; NS, not significant.

Figure 1 (A, B) Histopathological findings in liver and kidney of male Wistar rats after treatment with CNPs for 14 days (H&E, 400×).

Abbreviation: CNPs, cerium oxide nanoparticles.

Figure 2 Effects of CNPs on serum oxidant/antioxidant status of male Wistar rats after treatment with CNPs for 14 days. (A) Effect of CNPs on MDA level. (B) Effect of CNPs on SOD activity. (C) Effect of CNPs on total SH level. (D) Effect of CNPs on CAT activity. (E) Effects of CNPs on FRAP values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n=7). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.0001 as compared with the control group.

Abbreviations: CNPs, cerium oxide nanoparticles; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase; SH, sulfhydryl; CAT, catalase; FRAP, ferric reducing/antioxidant power.

Figure S1 FTIR of CNPs.

Abbreviation: CNP, cerium oxide nanoparticle.

Figure S2 FESEM image of CNPs.

Abbreviation: CNP, cerium oxide nanoparticle.

Figure S3 XRD pattern of CNPs.

Abbreviations: CNP, cerium oxide nanoparticle; XRD, X-ray diffraction.

Figure S4 MTT assay of CNPs.

Abbreviation: CNP, cerium oxide nanoparticle.