169
Views
39
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research

Antibacterial properties of in situ and surface functionalized impregnation of silver sulfadiazine in polyacrylonitrile nanofiber mats

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 2693-2703 | Published online: 16 Apr 2019

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic illustration of electrospinning process.

Figure 1 Schematic illustration of electrospinning process.

Figure 2 Antibacterial activity test: (A) Escherichia coli and (B) Bacillus.

Abbreviations: PAN, polyacrylonitrile; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 2 Antibacterial activity test: (A) Escherichia coli and (B) Bacillus.Abbreviations: PAN, polyacrylonitrile; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 3 SEM images of (A) PAN nanofibers, (B) PAN/AgSD (ES) nanofibers, and (C) PAN/AgSD (immersion) nanofibers.

Abbreviations: SEM, scanning electron microscope; PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 3 SEM images of (A) PAN nanofibers, (B) PAN/AgSD (ES) nanofibers, and (C) PAN/AgSD (immersion) nanofibers.Abbreviations: SEM, scanning electron microscope; PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 4 TEM images of (A) PAN/AgSD (ES) nanofiber mats and (B) PAN/AgSD (immersion) nanofiber mats.

Abbreviations: TEM, transmission electron microscope; PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 4 TEM images of (A) PAN/AgSD (ES) nanofiber mats and (B) PAN/AgSD (immersion) nanofiber mats.Abbreviations: TEM, transmission electron microscope; PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 5 Diameter interpretation of PAN and PAN/AgSD nanofibers.

Abbreviations: PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 5 Diameter interpretation of PAN and PAN/AgSD nanofibers.Abbreviations: PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 6 EDX analysis of PAN/AgSD (ES) (A) and PAN/AgSD (immersion) (B) nanofibers.

Notes: Dotted circles shown presence of Ag, C & S. *Under observation.

Abbreviations: EDX, energy-dispersive X-ray; PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 6 EDX analysis of PAN/AgSD (ES) (A) and PAN/AgSD (immersion) (B) nanofibers.Notes: Dotted circles shown presence of Ag, C & S. *Under observation.Abbreviations: EDX, energy-dispersive X-ray; PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 7 FTIR-ATR spectra of PAN and PAN/AgSD nanofiber mats.

Abbreviations: FTIR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; ATR, attenuated total reflectance; PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 7 FTIR-ATR spectra of PAN and PAN/AgSD nanofiber mats.Abbreviations: FTIR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; ATR, attenuated total reflectance; PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 8 XRD analysis of PAN nanofibers and PAN/AgSD nanofibers.

Abbreviations: XRD, X-ray diffraction; PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 8 XRD analysis of PAN nanofibers and PAN/AgSD nanofibers.Abbreviations: XRD, X-ray diffraction; PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 9 Thermal degradation analysis of PAN nanofibers and PAN/AgSD nanofibers.

Abbreviations: PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 9 Thermal degradation analysis of PAN nanofibers and PAN/AgSD nanofibers.Abbreviations: PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 10 XPS analysis of PAN/AgSD (ES) and PAN/AgSD (immersion): (A) Ag 3d, (B) Ag 3p, (C) S 2p, and (D) S 2s.

Abbreviations: XPS, X-ray photo-spectroscopy; PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 10 XPS analysis of PAN/AgSD (ES) and PAN/AgSD (immersion): (A) Ag 3d, (B) Ag 3p, (C) S 2p, and (D) S 2s.Abbreviations: XPS, X-ray photo-spectroscopy; PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Table 1 Summary of mechanical properties of PAN nanofibers and PAN/AgSD nanofibers

Figure 11 Stress–strain curve of PAN nanofibers and PAN/AgSD nanofibers.

Abbreviations: PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 11 Stress–strain curve of PAN nanofibers and PAN/AgSD nanofibers.Abbreviations: PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 12 Comparison of tensile strength of PAN nanofibers, PAN/AgSD (ES), and PAN/AgSD (immersion) nanofibers.

Abbreviations: PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 12 Comparison of tensile strength of PAN nanofibers, PAN/AgSD (ES), and PAN/AgSD (immersion) nanofibers.Abbreviations: PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 13 Comparison of Young’s modulus of PAN nanofibers, PAN/AgSD (ES), and PAN/AgSD (immersion).

Abbreviations: PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.

Figure 13 Comparison of Young’s modulus of PAN nanofibers, PAN/AgSD (ES), and PAN/AgSD (immersion).Abbreviations: PAN, polyacrylonitrile; AgSD, silver sulfadiazine; ES, in situ electrospun.