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International Journal of Nanomedicine Volume 14, 2019 - Issue
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Original Research

Atomic Layer Deposition Coating of TiO2 Nano-Thin Films on Magnesium-Zinc Alloys to Enhance Cytocompatibility for Bioresorbable Vascular Stents

Fan Yang1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-840X
ORCID Icon,
Run Chang1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1777-362X
ORCID Icon &
Thomas J Webster1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USACorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2028-5969
ORCID Icon
Pages 9955-9970 | Published online: 19 Dec 2019

Figures & data

Figure 1 Scanning electron microscopy images of (A) Mg-Zn control, (B) Mg-Zn-TiO2 (150°C), and (C) Mg-Zn-TiO2 (200°C); scale bars are 200nm.

Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 1 Scanning electron microscopy images of (A) Mg-Zn control, (B) Mg-Zn-TiO2 (150°C), and (C) Mg-Zn-TiO2 (200°C); scale bars are 200nm.Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 2 AFM images and RMS roughness of (A) Mg-Zn control, (B) Mg-Zn-TiO2 (150°C), and (C) Mg-Zn-TiO2 (200°C).

Abbreviations: AFM, atomic force microscopy; RMS, root mean square; Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 2 AFM images and RMS roughness of (A) Mg-Zn control, (B) Mg-Zn-TiO2 (150°C), and (C) Mg-Zn-TiO2 (200°C).Abbreviations: AFM, atomic force microscopy; RMS, root mean square; Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Table 1 Elemental Concentration Summary of Mg-Zn Alloy Samples Before and After ALD by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy

Figure 3 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data results for the Mg-Zn alloy control.

Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc.

Figure 3 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data results for the Mg-Zn alloy control.Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc.

Figure 4 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data results for Mg-Zn-TiO2-150°C.

Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 4 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data results for Mg-Zn-TiO2-150°C.Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 5 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data results for Mg-Zn-TiO2-200°C.

Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 5 Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data results for Mg-Zn-TiO2-200°C.Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 6 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy graphs for a titanium scan of a Mg-Zn alloy control and Mg-Zn-TiO2 coating at 150°C and 200°C: (A) without soaking in medium and (B) a 3-day soaking in medium.

Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 6 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy graphs for a titanium scan of a Mg-Zn alloy control and Mg-Zn-TiO2 coating at 150°C and 200°C: (A) without soaking in medium and (B) a 3-day soaking in medium.Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 7 X-ray diffraction patterns of Mg-Zn alloy control and Mg-Zn-TiO2 coating at 150°C and 200°C.

Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 7 X-ray diffraction patterns of Mg-Zn alloy control and Mg-Zn-TiO2 coating at 150°C and 200°C.Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Table 2 Summary of Surface Wettability and Surface Energy of Mg-Zn Samples with Different TiO2 Coatings

Figure 8 Water contact angle measurements on Mg-Zn alloy samples with different TiO2 ALD coatings temperatures. Data represent mean ± standard deviation, N=3; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 compared with control.

Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 8 Water contact angle measurements on Mg-Zn alloy samples with different TiO2 ALD coatings temperatures. Data represent mean ± standard deviation, N=3; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 compared with control.Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 9 The amount of adsorbed bovine serum albumin on sample surfaces after 24 hrs of culture in a 0.01% BSA solution, N=3; data represents mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide; BSA, bovine serum albumin.

Figure 9 The amount of adsorbed bovine serum albumin on sample surfaces after 24 hrs of culture in a 0.01% BSA solution, N=3; data represents mean ± standard deviation.Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide; BSA, bovine serum albumin.

Figure 10 Fluorescent microscope image of (A) Mg-Zn control, (B) Mg-Zn-TiO2 (150°C), (C) Mg-Zn-TiO2 (200°C).

Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 10 Fluorescent microscope image of (A) Mg-Zn control, (B) Mg-Zn-TiO2 (150°C), (C) Mg-Zn-TiO2 (200°C).Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 11 Human coronary endothelial cell proliferation on Mg-Zn alloy control and Mg-Zn-TiO2 (150°C, 200°C) samples. Data represent mean ± standard deviation, N=3; **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 compared with control.

Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

Figure 11 Human coronary endothelial cell proliferation on Mg-Zn alloy control and Mg-Zn-TiO2 (150°C, 200°C) samples. Data represent mean ± standard deviation, N=3; **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 compared with control.Abbreviations: Mg, magnesium; Zn, zinc; TiO2, titanium dioxide.

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