Antiangiogenic properties of nanoparticles: a systematic review

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart of the study selection.

Table 1 Characteristics and antiangiogenic effects of nanoparticles

Nanoparticle	Biosynthesis	Chemical synthesis	Mean size (nm)	Shape	In vitro study	Dose	In vivo study	Dose	Effect	Reference
CO		✓	75	Spherical	HUVECs	1.25, 2.5, and 5 µg/mL	Nude mice Matrigel plug	1.25, 2.5, and 5 µg/mL	Antiangiogenic	9
Au		✓	15	Spherical	HUVECs	125 and 250 nM	CAM	1,000 and 1,500 nM/egg	Antiangiogenic	12
Ag	✓		16	Spherical	–	–	CAM	50 and 200 µg/mL	Antiangiogenic	15
Ag	✓		50	Spherical	BRECs	500 nM	C57BL/6 mice	500 nM	Antiangiogenic	16
Ag		✓	10	Spherical	HUVECs	50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL	–	–	Antiangiogenic	17
Au		✓	20 100	Spherical Spherical	HUVECs	16.60 pM	C57BL/6 mice	16.60 pM	Antiangiogenic	18
SiO2			20 100	Spherical Spherical
TiO2		✓	20	Monodisperse	HRMECs	1.30 µg/mL	C57BL/6 mice	1.30 µg/mL	Antiangiogenic	19
Au		✓			HUVECs				Antiangiogenic	20
HAP		✓	20	Spherical	HUVECs	50 and 100 µg/mL	–	–	Antiangiogenic	21
			80	Rod–like
UDD		✓	6	Ultra dispersal	–	–	GBM cell on CAM	200 µ/ML 500 µ/ML	Antiangiogenic	22
MW–RF			65	Unknown
Au		✓	20	Unknown	HUVECS	0.1, 1, and 10 µM	C57BL/6 mice	10 µM	Antiangiogenic	23
NCe		✓	20	Crystal	5,10, and 20	Unknown	Nude mice	0.1 mg/kg	Antiangiogenic	24
Au		✓	20	Unknown	HRMECs	1 and 5 µM	C57BL/6 mice	1 µM	Antiangiogenic	25
SiNPs		✓	57	Spherical	HRMECs,	5 µg/mL	C57BL/6 mice	10 µg/mL	Antiangiogenic	26
Ag	✓		13	Spherical	–	–	Rat aortic ring model	200 and 300 µg/mL	Antiangiogenic	27
ZnO		✓	20	Spherical	–	–	CAM	50 µg/mL	Antiangiogenic	28
Au		✓	14	Monodisperse	–	–	CAM Mouse, Matrigel model	1 µg/cam 10 µg/Matrigel	Antiangiogenic	29
Ag			20	Polydisperse
CNPs		✓	63	Unknown	–	–	Athymic Nude mice	60 and 90 mg/kg	Antiangiogenic	30
ND			4	Spherical	–	–	CAM	500 mg/L	Antiangiogenic	31
MWNT			8	Nanotube					Antiangiogenic
NG			4	Spherical					No effect
GNS			7	Sheet					No effect
C60		✓	50	Spherical					Angiogenic
Ag	✓		50	Unknown	BRECs	500 nM	–	–	Antiangiogenic	32
Diamond		✓	4	Unknown	–	–	GBM cell on CAM	50 µg/mL	Antiangiogenic	33
SiO2		✓	25	Unknown	HUVECs	2.5 nM			No effect	34

Abbreviations: CAM, chorioallantoic membrane; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; BRECs, bioartificial renal epithelial cells; HAP, Hydroxyapatite; UDD, ultra dispersed detonation diamond; MW-RF, micowave-radiofrequency; NCe, nanoceria; SiNPs, silicate nanoparticles; GBM, glioblastoma; CNPs, chitosan nanoparticles; DN, diamond nanoparticle; MWNT, multiwall nanotubes; NG, graphite nanoparticles; GNS, graphene nanoparticles; C60, fullerenes nanoparticles.

Figure 2 Percentage of nanoparticle variety of shapes used in antiangiogenesis studies. The different shapes of nanoparticle used in the 22 studies selected for this review.

Figure 3 Size (nm) of nanoparticles used in antiangiogenesis studies in selected articles. The size distribution of the nanoparticles used in the studies selected for this review.

Figure 4 Mechanism of action of inorganic nanoparticles that have been proven to suppress the formation of new blood vessels by inhibiting VEGF and inducing VEGFR2 phosphorylation in antiangiogenesis related pathways.

Abbreviations: CoNPs, copper nanoparticles; AuNP, gold nanoparticle, AgNP, silver nanoparticle; SiNP, silicate nanoparticle; TiO2, titanium dioxide; HAP, hydroxyapatite; UDD, ultra dispersed detonation diamond; MW-RF, micowave-radiofrequency; nCe, nanoceria; CNP, chitosan nanoparticle; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; HIF-1, hypoxia inducible factor-1; ERK, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; KDR, kinase insert domain receptor; FGF, Fibroblast growth factor; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases.