Figures & data
Table 1 Fitting equation and parameters for the adsorption of NF onto VHS
Figure 1 Equilibrium adsorption isotherm of NF and VHS (mean values ± s.d.; n=3).
Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS, montmorillonite.
![Figure 1 Equilibrium adsorption isotherm of NF and VHS (mean values ± s.d.; n=3).Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS, montmorillonite.](/cms/asset/dceefd11-4d98-44e5-af97-8468b0ff1ace/dijn_a_12190977_f0001_b.jpg)
Figure 2 XRPD diffraction patterns of NF, VHS and VHS-NF.
Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS, montmorillonite; VHS-NF, montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.
![Figure 2 XRPD diffraction patterns of NF, VHS and VHS-NF.Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS, montmorillonite; VHS-NF, montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.](/cms/asset/50bc9ca6-7035-4d40-a62e-3bfcfe6bd636/dijn_a_12190977_f0002_b.jpg)
Figure 3 FT-IR spectra of NF, VHS and VHS-NF.
Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS, montmorillonite; VHS-NF: montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.
![Figure 3 FT-IR spectra of NF, VHS and VHS-NF.Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS, montmorillonite; VHS-NF: montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.](/cms/asset/e5146e96-8af2-41ce-a9ca-69c66dee7df2/dijn_a_12190977_f0003_b.jpg)
Figure 4 Thermal analysis (TGA – high panel curves and DSC – low panel curves) of NF, VHS and VHS-NF samples.
Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS, montmorillonite; VHS-NF, montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.
![Figure 4 Thermal analysis (TGA – high panel curves and DSC – low panel curves) of NF, VHS and VHS-NF samples.Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS, montmorillonite; VHS-NF, montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.](/cms/asset/abff8c1d-4286-425b-9aee-4ab62cd3e6b3/dijn_a_12190977_f0004_b.jpg)
Figure 5 TEM microphotographs and EDX analysis of VHS (A), NF (B) and VHS-NF (C) together with EDX mapping of VHS-NF (D).
Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS, montmorillonite; VHS-NF, montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.
![Figure 5 TEM microphotographs and EDX analysis of VHS (A), NF (B) and VHS-NF (C) together with EDX mapping of VHS-NF (D).Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS, montmorillonite; VHS-NF, montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.](/cms/asset/cb954bb9-5faf-4b5e-87e5-48bf2a8eac72/dijn_a_12190977_f0005_c.jpg)
Figure 6 % of norfloxacin (NF) released from NF and VHS-NF (mean values ± s.d.; n=3).
Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS-NF, montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.
![Figure 6 % of norfloxacin (NF) released from NF and VHS-NF (mean values ± s.d.; n=3).Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS-NF, montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.](/cms/asset/7fc1cdfe-bd3a-4065-8b77-d295cb3707be/dijn_a_12190977_f0006_c.jpg)
Figure 7 Microbiocidal effect vs time profiles of norfloxacin (NF) released from NF and VHS-NF against (A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and (B) Staphylococcus aureus (mean values ± s.d.; n=3).
Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS-NF, montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.
![Figure 7 Microbiocidal effect vs time profiles of norfloxacin (NF) released from NF and VHS-NF against (A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and (B) Staphylococcus aureus (mean values ± s.d.; n=3).Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS-NF, montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.](/cms/asset/4edd92d3-7ac3-4230-b4e2-246f4914c2b8/dijn_a_12190977_f0007_c.jpg)
Figure 8 Bioavailability (OD) evaluated for VHS (1.2 mg/mL), NF (0.1 mg/mL) and VHS-NF (VHS: 1.2 mg/mL and NF 0.1 mg/mL) compared to the control (growth medium, standard growth conditions) (mean values ± s.d.; n=8) (Statistical analysis W test: control vs VHS-NF: p=0.030).
Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS, montmorillonite; VHS-NF, montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.
![Figure 8 Bioavailability (OD) evaluated for VHS (1.2 mg/mL), NF (0.1 mg/mL) and VHS-NF (VHS: 1.2 mg/mL and NF 0.1 mg/mL) compared to the control (growth medium, standard growth conditions) (mean values ± s.d.; n=8) (Statistical analysis W test: control vs VHS-NF: p=0.030).Abbreviations: NF, norfloxacin; VHS, montmorillonite; VHS-NF, montmorillonite/norfloxacin nanocomposite.](/cms/asset/d83e91f0-3f79-485e-a820-7ffd09a63909/dijn_a_12190977_f0008_b.jpg)