The eminent need for an academic program in universities to teach nanomedicine

Figures & data

Appendix 1 Nanomaterials, nanodevices, nanoinstruments, and nanostuffs useful in nanomedicine

Nanostructures	Nanoparticles	Nanofibers	Nanoplatforms
Nanodisks	Nanoscaffolds	Nanolabels	Nanodiamonds
Nanoarrays	Nanocomposites	Nanopackages	Nanobubbles
Nanobeads	Nanofluidics	Nanobiosensors	Nanogadgets
Nanofilaments (silicone)	Nanotargets	Nanofilms	Nanoscale
Nanotubes (carbon)	Nanorods	Nanoshapes	Nanocoatings
Nanosuspensions	Nanoemulsions	Nanocarriers	Nanospheres
Nanosystems	Nanogels	Nanocontainers	Nanoproducts
Nanodrugs	Nanovectors	Nanohybrids	Nanoreactives
Nanoscopic	Nanoclusters	Nanobullets	Nanoknittings
Nanoswitches	Nanoblobs	Nanohazards	Nanobodies
Nanosurfaces	Nanopores	Nanocatalysts	Nanotools
Nanochips	Nanorobots	Nanocrystals	Nanoneedles
Nanowires (silicone)	Nanoshells	Nanoencapsulation	Nanoprobes
Nanolayers	Nanomotors	Nanomachines	Nanocages
Nanoimpellers	Nanomatrix	Pharmacytes	Dendrimers
Nanoscopic weapons	Qubit	SPION	Quantum dots

Abbreviation: SPION, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

Appendix 2 Technologies

MIDD: molecular imaging drug delivery	Artificial engineering
Nanoparticle drug delivery systems	Nanoscopic medicine
Tissue engineering regenerative medicine	Nanodimensional three
Cell therapy regenerative medicine	Cell surface engineering
UMI: ultrasound molecular imaging	Nanodiagnostics
Wireless endoscopy and biotelemetry	Regenerative medicine
AFM: atomic force microscopy	Nanofluidic technology
Nanoparticles for molecular diagnostics	Stem cell tissue engineering
Stem cell repair and therapy	Nanocybernetics
Stem cell therapy for cancer	Laser nanoscissor
Nanoparticles for tracking stem cells	SPR: surface plasmon resonance
Nanoscale single-cell or molecule identification	Molecular diagnostics
Nanotechnology-based cytogenetics	Endothelial cell repair
Cancer molecular imaging	Nanoscale probes
Nanotechnology-based biochips and microarrays	RAMiTS technology
Virtual reality stimulation	Nanoproteomics
Phototermical therapy	Organic electronic
Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery devices
Modular robotics, multi-agent or swarm robotics, and utility fog

Appendix 3 Techniques and methods

QDs broad absorption spectra	Miniaturization top-down
FISH: florescent in situ hybridization	Etching technique
Atomic force microscopy and quantum dot	The photostability
Scanning near-field optical microscopy	Fluorescence microscopy
Functional polymer-coated nanoparticles	MRI scanner
Lumininescent fluorescence microscopy	Confocal microscopy
Immunicon’s cell tracks technology	ELISA-based method
Tissue specimen preparation	PCR-based detection
QD fluorescent nanoprobes	QD-antibody conjugation
Image guided drug delivery	Lasser nanoscissor
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer	Cryopreservation
Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy	Electrontomography
SLN: solid lipid nanoparticles	Fluorescence nanoscopy
Magnetic resonance propulsion	Colorimetric method
Electrostatic droplet generation	Nanoencapsulation
Molecular imprinted polymer particles	Radioimmunotherapy
Affinity nanoliquid chromatography	UV-bioimprint technique
Transmission electron microscopy	Magneto electroporation
Contrast imaging technique	BioMEMS
Nanomechanical holography	Nanophotothermolisis
Plasmonics and SERS nanoprobes	Biomarker quantification
Isolation and analysis of individual biomolecules	MRI scanner
Nanolaser scanning confocal spectroscopy	Biobarcode assays
Gold nanoparticles for diagnostics	Mass spectrometry
A spectroscopic assay based on SERS	Standard photolithographic
Bioconjugated nanoparticle based bioassay
Multicolor oligonucleotide-functionalized QDs
SPION: super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Nano dissection and nanoextraction of chromosomal DNA
Narrow emission spectra of nonorganic QD fluorophores
Application of nanoparticles for discovery of biomarkers
QDs for molecular diagnostics for cancer diagnosis and for viral diagnosis

Abbreviations: ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; QD, quantum dot; SERS, surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

Appendix 4 Nanobiosensors

Nanowire biosensors	Ion channel switch biosensor technology
Cantilevers as biosensors	Electrochemical nanobiosensors
Carbon nanotube biosensors	FRET-based DNA nanosensor
Electronic nanobiosensors	Quartz nanobalance DNA sensor
Viral nanosensor	Nanosensors based on surface plasmon resonance
Optical biosensors using laser, nanoshell, SPR, SERS, mRNA	PEBBLE

Abbreviations: FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer; PEBBLE, probes encapsulated by biologically localized embedding; SERS, surface enhanced Raman scattering; SPR, surface plasmon resonance.