Investigation of the Role of Glucose Decorated Chitosan and PLGA Nanoparticles as Blocking Agents to Glucose Transporters of Tumor Cells

Figures & data

Table 1 Glucose Release Percentages of the Complexes Treated in Various pH and Temperature Conditions After 24 Days (Stability Tests)

Treatment Conditions	GPNPs Glucose Release %^a	GCNPs Glucose Release %^a
pH = 5.4, T = 4°C	2.8 ± 0.1	3.2 ± 0.1
pH = 5.4, T = 25°C	4.6 ± 0.2	7.2 ± 0.4
pH = 5.4, T = 40°C/75% RH	8.3 ± 0.5	9.9 ± 1.0
pH = 6.4, T = 4°C	4.4 ± 0.3	4.8 ± 0.4
pH = 6.4, T = 25°C	7.4 ± 0.8	8.2 ± 1.1
pH = 6.4, T = 40°C/75% RH	11.3 ± 1.2	11.9 ± 1.6
pH = 7.4, T = 4°C	5.4 ± 0.5	5.6 ± 0.6
pH = 7.4, T = 25°C	8.6 ± 0.9	11.2 ± 1.3
pH = 7.4, T = 40°C/75% RH	13.3 ± 1.7	19.9 ± 2.2

Note: ^aData are presented as Mean ± SD for triplicates.

Table 2 The Calculated IC₅₀ Values for Various Compounds After 72 H by Fitting the Obtained Data to the Sigmoidal Dose-Response Curve

Compound	HT-29 IC50± RSD^a (µM)	% Cell Viability (at 100 µM)
Cisplatin	2.54±0.51	97.8
GCNPs	70.31±0.10	57.3
GPNPs	85.01±0.10	54

Note: ^aData are presented as Mean ± SD for triplicates.

Figure 1 Dose-response curves for cisplatin (an anti-cancer drug), GCNPs, GPNPs, CNPs and PNPs in 72 h.

Figure 2 pH variations of treated cells culture media with GCNPs, GPNPs, RPMI as the negative control during MTT assay.

Figure 3 Cellular uptake of (A) FITC-PNPs and (B) FITC-GPNPs after 24 h.

Figure 4 Analysis of apoptosis by the Annexin V-FITC binding assay. HT-29 cells were treated with (1) RPMI (control), (2) PNPs, (3) GPNPs and (4) cisplatin at IC₅₀ concentrations of 72 h (2.54 µM for cisplatin and 85.01 µM for GPNPs and PNPs) for 72 h. Percentage of cells in viable, early apoptosis (Annexin +/PI-), late apoptosis (Annexin+/PI+), and necrosis (Annexin-/PI+) are shown after 72 h of treatment. Reported data are the mean values of three independent experiments performed in triplicate.

Figure 5 Effects of GPNPs treatment at 24 and 72 h on the expressions of GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 proteins in the HT-29 cell line.