173
Views
62
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Advances in cancer therapy through the use of carbon nanotube-mediated targeted hyperthermia

&
Pages 1675-1684 | Published online: 15 Aug 2011

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic illustration of in vitro selective photothermal ablation of cancer by laser activated intracellulary biofunctionalized carbon nanotubes.

Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; CNT, carbon nanotube; NIR, near-infrared.

Figure 1 Schematic illustration of in vitro selective photothermal ablation of cancer by laser activated intracellulary biofunctionalized carbon nanotubes.Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; CNT, carbon nanotube; NIR, near-infrared.

Figure 2 HSA-MWCNTs in vitro endocytosis mechanism in human liver cancer cells. (A) Co-localization of the Cy-gp60 antibody and FITC-HSA-MWCNTs in HepG2 cells. (B) co-localization of the Cy-gp60 antibody and FITC-HSA-MWCNTs in hepatocyte epithelial cells. (C) co-localization of the caveolin-1-Cy antibody and FITC-HSAMWCNTs in HepG2 cells. Results are representative of three experiments.

Notes: Scale bar: 20 μm in all panels. Reprinted with permission from Iancu C, Mocan L, Bele C, et al. Enhanced laser thermal ablation for the in vitro treatment of liver cancer by specific delivery of multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with human serum albumin. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:129–141.Citation52 Copyright © 2011 Dove Medical Press.

Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; DAPI, 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; HSA, human serum albumin; MWCNTs, multiwalled carbon nanotubes.

Figure 2 HSA-MWCNTs in vitro endocytosis mechanism in human liver cancer cells. (A) Co-localization of the Cy-gp60 antibody and FITC-HSA-MWCNTs in HepG2 cells. (B) co-localization of the Cy-gp60 antibody and FITC-HSA-MWCNTs in hepatocyte epithelial cells. (C) co-localization of the caveolin-1-Cy antibody and FITC-HSAMWCNTs in HepG2 cells. Results are representative of three experiments.Notes: Scale bar: 20 μm in all panels. Reprinted with permission from Iancu C, Mocan L, Bele C, et al. Enhanced laser thermal ablation for the in vitro treatment of liver cancer by specific delivery of multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with human serum albumin. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6:129–141.Citation52 Copyright © 2011 Dove Medical Press.Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; DAPI, 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; HSA, human serum albumin; MWCNTs, multiwalled carbon nanotubes.

Figure 3 The proposed mechanism for albumin receptor mediated internalization of HSA-MWCNT inside HepG2 cells (schematic drawing). MWCNT internalization involves the selective uptake of HSA-MWCNT with the aid of albumin (GP60) receptors. This usually begins with the formation of caveolar invaginations on the plasma membrane surface. These pits are called caveosomes. The vesicles then transform into early endosomes. Matured (late) endosomes receive internalized material en route to lysosomes, usually from early endosomes in the endocytic pathway and most of the associated receptors circulate back to the cell membrane. Late endosomes mediate a final set of sorting events prior to delivery of material to lysosomes. Lysosomes are the last compartment of the endocytic pathway. The MWCNTs are released inside the cytoplasm forming clusters and HSA is digested by lysosomes.

Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; HSA, human serum albumin; MWCNT, multiwalled carbon nanotube.

Figure 3 The proposed mechanism for albumin receptor mediated internalization of HSA-MWCNT inside HepG2 cells (schematic drawing). MWCNT internalization involves the selective uptake of HSA-MWCNT with the aid of albumin (GP60) receptors. This usually begins with the formation of caveolar invaginations on the plasma membrane surface. These pits are called caveosomes. The vesicles then transform into early endosomes. Matured (late) endosomes receive internalized material en route to lysosomes, usually from early endosomes in the endocytic pathway and most of the associated receptors circulate back to the cell membrane. Late endosomes mediate a final set of sorting events prior to delivery of material to lysosomes. Lysosomes are the last compartment of the endocytic pathway. The MWCNTs are released inside the cytoplasm forming clusters and HSA is digested by lysosomes.Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; HSA, human serum albumin; MWCNT, multiwalled carbon nanotube.

Figure 4 Schematic illustration of the in vivo Ab-CNTs mediated ablation of malign tumors.

Note: Reprinted with permission from Mocan L, Tabaran F, Mocan T, et al. Selective ex-vivo photothermal ablation of human pancreatic cancer with albumin functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6(1):915–928.Citation19 Copyright © 2011 Dove Medical Press.

Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; CNTs, carbon nanotubes.

Figure 4 Schematic illustration of the in vivo Ab-CNTs mediated ablation of malign tumors.Note: Reprinted with permission from Mocan L, Tabaran F, Mocan T, et al. Selective ex-vivo photothermal ablation of human pancreatic cancer with albumin functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6(1):915–928.Citation19 Copyright © 2011 Dove Medical Press.Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; CNTs, carbon nanotubes.

Figure 5 (A) Schematic illustration of the ex vivo thermal ablation of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma on surgically resected specimens from the body and tail of the pancreas and spleen. (B) The proposed system of ex vivo laser ablation of human pancreatic cancer cells.

Notes: Red arrow: laser diode placed above the tumoral mass; blue arrow: the intra-arterial administration of HSA-MWCNTs-FITC in the pancreatic magna artery; yellow arrow: the intra-arterial administration of Custodiol® solution in the spleno-pancreatic artery; black arrow: macroscopic aspect of tumor mass after photothermal treatment). Reprinted with permission from Mocan L, Tabaran F, Mocan T, et al. Selective ex-vivo photothermal ablation of human pancreatic cancer with albumin functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6(1):915–928.Citation19 Copyright © 2011 Dove Medical Press.

Abbreviations: FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; HSA, human serum albumin; MWCNTs, multiwalled carbon nanotubes.

Figure 5 (A) Schematic illustration of the ex vivo thermal ablation of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma on surgically resected specimens from the body and tail of the pancreas and spleen. (B) The proposed system of ex vivo laser ablation of human pancreatic cancer cells.Notes: Red arrow: laser diode placed above the tumoral mass; blue arrow: the intra-arterial administration of HSA-MWCNTs-FITC in the pancreatic magna artery; yellow arrow: the intra-arterial administration of Custodiol® solution in the spleno-pancreatic artery; black arrow: macroscopic aspect of tumor mass after photothermal treatment). Reprinted with permission from Mocan L, Tabaran F, Mocan T, et al. Selective ex-vivo photothermal ablation of human pancreatic cancer with albumin functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011;6(1):915–928.Citation19 Copyright © 2011 Dove Medical Press.Abbreviations: FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; HSA, human serum albumin; MWCNTs, multiwalled carbon nanotubes.