Figures & data
Figure 1 Scanning electron micrographs of (A) HA-PLGA (well-dispersed nano-hydroxyapatite in PLGA composite), (B) nano-HA-Ps-PLGA (HA-PLGA nanocomposite with chemically immobilized DIF-7c peptide). Original magnification 100,000×.
Notes: Magnification bars are 200 nm. A is adapted from Liu and WebsterCitation25 and B is adapted from Liu and WebsterCitation2 with permission of the respective publishers.
Abbreviations: HA, hydroxyapatite; PLGA, polylactide-co-glycolide; DIF-7c, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-7)-derived short peptide; P, peptide; Ps, peptide loaded by aminosilane chemistry.
Table 1 Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells was studied on the scaffolds and controls as listed below
Figure 2 Fluorescence images of human MSC adhesion on (A) HA-Ps-PLGA, (B) HA-PLGA, (C) PLGA, and (D) glass after 6 days of culture.
Notes: Scale bar = 500 μm. Green stains, F-actin cytoskeleton. Blue stains, nucleus of human MSC.
Abbreviations: HA, hydroxyapatite; PLGA, polylactide-co-glycolide; P, peptide; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; Ps, peptide loaded by aminosilane chemistry.
Figure 3 Human MSC (hMSC) adhesion density was calculated as cells per centimeter squared on the scaffolds of interest and controls.
Notes: Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 3). *P < 0.05 compared with HA-Ps-PLGA and **P < 0.05 compared with PLGA-P and PLGA.
Abbreviations: HA, hydroxyapatite; PLGA, polylactide-co-glycolide; DIF-7c, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-7)-derived short peptide; P, peptide; Ps, peptide loaded by aminosilane chemistry.
Figure 4 Osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs was characterized by (A) ALP activity and (B) calcium deposition. The human MSCs were cultured with the materials as listed in the column.
Notes: Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 3). No statistical difference was found for ALP activity. For calcium deposition, *P < 0.05 compared with glass and PSTC (8 and 9), **P < 0.05 compared with PLGA-P and PLGA (5 and 6), and #P < 0.05 compared with DIF-7c peptide (7).
Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; HA, hydroxyapatite; PLGA, polylactide-co-glycolide; P, peptide; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; DIF-7c, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-7)-derived short peptide; Ps, peptide loaded by aminosilane chemistry.
