Coupling technique of random amplified polymorphic DNA and nanoelectrochemical sensor for mapping pancreatic cancer genetic fingerprint

Figures & data

Table 1 List of random primersa

Primer number	Primer sequence	Random primers combination mode
1	CCGGCTACG	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
2	AACGGTCACT	1–2, 2–3, 3–4, 4–5, 5–6, 6–7, 7–8, 8–9
3	CCTGCACTGC	1–3, 2–4, 3–5, 4–6, 5–7, 6–8, 7–9
4	GGTCTGAACC	1–4, 2–5, 3–6, 4–7, 5–8, 6–9
5	AAGGCTAACG	1–5, 2–6, 3–7, 4–8, 5–9
6	CTTGATTGCC	1–6, 2–7, 3–8, 4–9
7	CTGATCCATG	1–7, 2–8, 3–9
8	CTTGATTGGG	1–8, 2–9
9	CTGCTCTCAGA	1–9

a Note: “1–9” means the primer added to the polymerase chain reaction system is from #1 to #9.

Figure 1 DPV diagram of 20 μmol/L guanine and 20 μmol/L deoxyguanine triphosphate on multiwalled nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode.

Abbreviations: dGTP, deoxyguanine triphosphate; DPV, differential pulse voltammetric.

Figure 2 DPV diagram (A) of deoxyguanine triphosphate of different concentrations on multiwalled nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode and the working curve (B) reflecting the relationship between oxidation peak current and concentration change.

Abbreviations: dGTP, deoxyguanine triphosphate; DPV, differential pulse voltammetric.

Figure 3 Diagrams of differential oxidation current between pancreatic cancer patient and normal control (A) and the gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction product (B) on multiwalled nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode.

Figure 4 Result of clone sequencing of the differential polymerase chain reaction product.

Figure 5 DPV curve generated from different pancreatic cancer samples amplified via arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction and detected using a multiwalled nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode.

Abbreviation: DPV, differential pulse voltammetric

Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the screening of genetic alterations using random primers.