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International Journal of Nanomedicine Volume 15, 2020 - Issue
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Original Research

Graphene Oxide-Template Gold Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Hyperthermia Agents for Cancer Therapy

Shuyi He1 NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;2 Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;3 Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
,
Jingyu Li1 NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;2 Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;3 Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
,
Mingjian Chen1 NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;2 Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;3 Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
,
Liehua Deng4 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
,
Yuxin Yang1 NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;2 Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;3 Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
,
Zhaoyang Zeng1 NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;2 Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;3 Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
,
Wei Xiong1 NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;2 Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;3 Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
&
Xu Wu1 NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;2 Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China;3 Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence[email protected]
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Pages 8451-8463 | Published online: 29 Oct 2020

Figures & data

Scheme 1 Schematic illustration of the GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid formation for photothermal therapy of cancer cells.

Scheme 1 Schematic illustration of the GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid formation for photothermal therapy of cancer cells.

Figure 1 SEM images and size distribution of GO (A), GO@SiO2 (B), GO@SiO2@Au seeds (C) and GO@SiO2@AuNS with different amount of 1 mL (D), 2mL (E) and 4 mL (F) of HAuCl4. The right panels are the size distributions of these nanomaterials by measuring at least 100 nanomaterials.

Figure 1 SEM images and size distribution of GO (A), GO@SiO2 (B), GO@SiO2@Au seeds (C) and GO@SiO2@AuNS with different amount of 1 mL (D), 2mL (E) and 4 mL (F) of HAuCl4. The right panels are the size distributions of these nanomaterials by measuring at least 100 nanomaterials.

Figure 2 Hydrodynamic diameters (A) and zeta potential (B) of the synthesized nanomaterials.

Figure 2 Hydrodynamic diameters (A) and zeta potential (B) of the synthesized nanomaterials.

Figure 3 EDS map pattern and spectrum of the GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid.

Figure 3 EDS map pattern and spectrum of the GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid.

Figure 4 The absorption spectra of the synthesized nanomaterials.

Figure 4 The absorption spectra of the synthesized nanomaterials.

Figure 5 (A) The absorption spectra of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid at different concentrations (a-g: 0.150, 0.075, 0.038, 0.019, 0.009, 0.005, to 0.002, mg/mL). (B) Linear relationship between the absorbance at 808 nm and the concentration of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid.

Figure 5 (A) The absorption spectra of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid at different concentrations (a-g: 0.150, 0.075, 0.038, 0.019, 0.009, 0.005, to 0.002, mg/mL). (B) Linear relationship between the absorbance at 808 nm and the concentration of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid.

Figure 6 The heating curves of water (a), cell culture medium (b) and different concentrations of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid (c to e: 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 mg/mL).

Figure 6 The heating curves of water (a), cell culture medium (b) and different concentrations of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid (c to e: 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 mg/mL).

Figure 7 (A) Normalized absorption spectra of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid before and after laser irradiation (0.3 W/cm2 for 1 h). (B) Temperature changes of 0.15 mg/mL GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid under 808 nm laser irradiation for three cycle with the power density of 0.3 W/cm2 (20 min of irradiation for each cycle).

Figure 7 (A) Normalized absorption spectra of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid before and after laser irradiation (0.3 W/cm2 for 1 h). (B) Temperature changes of 0.15 mg/mL GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid under 808 nm laser irradiation for three cycle with the power density of 0.3 W/cm2 (20 min of irradiation for each cycle).

Figure 8 Relative cell viability after culturing with different concentrations of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid varying from 0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 µg/mL for 24 h at 37°C.

Figure 8 Relative cell viability after culturing with different concentrations of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid varying from 0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 µg/mL for 24 h at 37°C.

Figure 9 Relative cell viability after treatment of different concentrations of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid in the presence or absence of NIR irradiation. - stands for no treatment. For the concentration of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid, +, ++, and +++ represent the concentrations at 10, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. For the laser irradiation, + represents 20 min NIR irradiation at 808 nm with 0.3 W/cm2.

Figure 9 Relative cell viability after treatment of different concentrations of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid in the presence or absence of NIR irradiation. - stands for no treatment. For the concentration of GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid, +, ++, and +++ represent the concentrations at 10, 50, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. For the laser irradiation, + represents 20 min NIR irradiation at 808 nm with 0.3 W/cm2.

Figure 10 Fluorescence images of KM12C cells treated with different conditions: (A) without any treatment; (B) 20 min light exposure; (C) 100 µg/mL GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid; (D) 10 µg/mL GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid and 20 min light exposure; (E) 50 µg/mL GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid and 20 min light exposure; (F) 100 µg/mL GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid and 20 min light exposure. The power intensity of light exposure was 0.3 W/cm2. After the treatment, the cells were stained with Vybrant Apoptosis Assay. The green fluorescence from YO-PRO-1 showed the apoptotic cells, and the red fluorescence from PI showed the necrotic cells. Scale bar = 100 µm. A 20 X objective was used to capture the images.

Figure 10 Fluorescence images of KM12C cells treated with different conditions: (A) without any treatment; (B) 20 min light exposure; (C) 100 µg/mL GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid; (D) 10 µg/mL GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid and 20 min light exposure; (E) 50 µg/mL GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid and 20 min light exposure; (F) 100 µg/mL GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid and 20 min light exposure. The power intensity of light exposure was 0.3 W/cm2. After the treatment, the cells were stained with Vybrant Apoptosis Assay. The green fluorescence from YO-PRO-1 showed the apoptotic cells, and the red fluorescence from PI showed the necrotic cells. Scale bar = 100 µm. A 20 X objective was used to capture the images.

Figure 11 Confocal fluorescence images (Z-stack) of KM12C cells with the internalization of TAMRA doped GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid. KM12C cells were incubated with TAMRA doped GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid for 6 h at 37 °C before taking the images.

Figure 11 Confocal fluorescence images (Z-stack) of KM12C cells with the internalization of TAMRA doped GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid. KM12C cells were incubated with TAMRA doped GO@SiO2@AuNS hybrid for 6 h at 37 °C before taking the images.

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