Figures & data
Table 1 Effect of SPC content in VPG on the liposome particle sizes and the EE of SBS in the liposome suspension (mean ± SD, n = 3)
Table 2 Optimization of EE (mean ± SD, n = 3) of SBS in VPG liposomes by hydration with different concentrations of isotonic agents
Figure 1 Effect of liposomes on the transport rate of SBS across Asian toad pulmonary membrane in vitro.
Notes: The concentrations of SBS in liposome suspension (●) and control solution (Δ) were 2.11 mg/mL and 2.22 mg/mL, respectively. Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).
Abbreviations: SBS, salbutamol sulfate; SD, standard deviation.
![Figure 1 Effect of liposomes on the transport rate of SBS across Asian toad pulmonary membrane in vitro.Notes: The concentrations of SBS in liposome suspension (●) and control solution (Δ) were 2.11 mg/mL and 2.22 mg/mL, respectively. Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).Abbreviations: SBS, salbutamol sulfate; SD, standard deviation.](/cms/asset/30f4fd9f-1119-429f-bb1e-5b8d255a09d0/dijn_a_28011_f0001_c.jpg)
Figure 2A Fluorescence imaging of DiR SBS liposome disposition in rat lungs at different time points after intratracheal administration.
Abbreviations: SBS, salbutamol sulfate; DiR, 1,1′-dioctadecyltetramethyl indotricarbocyanine lodide.
![Figure 2A Fluorescence imaging of DiR SBS liposome disposition in rat lungs at different time points after intratracheal administration.Abbreviations: SBS, salbutamol sulfate; DiR, 1,1′-dioctadecyltetramethyl indotricarbocyanine lodide.](/cms/asset/c072c754-2647-460b-a537-7565c2bdf32e/dijn_a_28011_f0002_c.jpg)
Figure 2B Decrease of fluorescence intensity of DiR SBS liposomes in rat lungs after intratracheal administration.
Note: n = 3 for each time point.
Abbreviations: SBS, salbutamol sulfate; DiR, 1,1′-dioctadecyltetramethyl indotricarbocyanine iodide.
![Figure 2B Decrease of fluorescence intensity of DiR SBS liposomes in rat lungs after intratracheal administration.Note: n = 3 for each time point.Abbreviations: SBS, salbutamol sulfate; DiR, 1,1′-dioctadecyltetramethyl indotricarbocyanine iodide.](/cms/asset/9939cb53-934e-4335-bfbe-c10e14f0e8e2/dijn_a_28011_f0003_c.jpg)
Table 3 Pharmacokinetic analysis of SBS in the plasma of rats after pulmonary administration of SBS liposome formulation or free SBS solution
Figure 3 SBS concentration in the plasma of rats at different time points after pulmonary administration of SBS liposome formulation or free SBS solution.
Note: Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5).
Abbreviations: SBS, salbutamol sulfate; SD, standard deviation.
![Figure 3 SBS concentration in the plasma of rats at different time points after pulmonary administration of SBS liposome formulation or free SBS solution.Note: Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5).Abbreviations: SBS, salbutamol sulfate; SD, standard deviation.](/cms/asset/0cb037f6-c780-42ea-aec3-58d2f381d6b2/dijn_a_28011_f0004_c.jpg)
Table 4 Parameters of the various formulations of SBS in rat lungs after pulmonary administration (mean ± SD, n = 3)
Figure 4 SBS concentration in the lungs of rats at different time points after pulmonary administration of SBS liposome formulation or free SBS solution.
Note: Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).
Abbreviations: SBS, salbutamol sulfate; SD, standard deviation.
![Figure 4 SBS concentration in the lungs of rats at different time points after pulmonary administration of SBS liposome formulation or free SBS solution.Note: Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).Abbreviations: SBS, salbutamol sulfate; SD, standard deviation.](/cms/asset/df366213-4154-4df0-b136-d25a027bdc22/dijn_a_28011_f0005_c.jpg)
Figure 5 Anti-asthmatic effect periods in guinea pigs given saline, SBS solution, or SBS liposomes (n = 6 per group) before spraying of 0.4% histamine saline solution for 20 seconds at the rate of 70 L/minute.
Note: Anti-asthmatic effect was considered to be present when the animal did not twitch and fall down for at least 15 minutes (asthma latent period) after histamine treatment.
Abbreviation: SBS, salbutamol sulfate.
![Figure 5 Anti-asthmatic effect periods in guinea pigs given saline, SBS solution, or SBS liposomes (n = 6 per group) before spraying of 0.4% histamine saline solution for 20 seconds at the rate of 70 L/minute.Note: Anti-asthmatic effect was considered to be present when the animal did not twitch and fall down for at least 15 minutes (asthma latent period) after histamine treatment.Abbreviation: SBS, salbutamol sulfate.](/cms/asset/bb1d839d-4c93-4d38-a5b8-dd2cfbe1a6cd/dijn_a_28011_f0006_c.jpg)