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Original Research

Controlled release of 5-fluorouracil and progesterone from magnetic nanoaggregates

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Pages 3167-3189 | Published online: 29 Jun 2012

Figures & data

Table 1 Entrapment efficiencies of 5-fluorouracil as a function of different initial drug concentrations and nanoaggregates’ average diameters

Figure 1 Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images for different magnetic nanoaggregate formulations. Effect of polymeric composition on morphology of nanoaggregates: (A) 0.5 mmol block copolymer and 0 wt% beta-cyclodextrin; (B) 3 mmol block copolymer and 0 wt% beta-cyclodextrin; (C) 3 mmol block copolymer and 5 wt% beta-cyclodextrin; and (D) 3 mmol block copolymer and 25 wt% beta-cyclodextrin.

Figure 1 Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images for different magnetic nanoaggregate formulations. Effect of polymeric composition on morphology of nanoaggregates: (A) 0.5 mmol block copolymer and 0 wt% beta-cyclodextrin; (B) 3 mmol block copolymer and 0 wt% beta-cyclodextrin; (C) 3 mmol block copolymer and 5 wt% beta-cyclodextrin; and (D) 3 mmol block copolymer and 25 wt% beta-cyclodextrin.

Figure 2 Effect of block copolymer concentrations on the average primary and aggregated particle diameters.

Figure 2 Effect of block copolymer concentrations on the average primary and aggregated particle diameters.

Figure 3 X-ray diffraction profiles of magnetic nanoaggregates as a function of block copolymer concentration. (A) 0.5 mmol; and (B) 3 mmol of block copolymer (Pluronic F-68).

Abbreviation: CPS, counts per second.

Figure 3 X-ray diffraction profiles of magnetic nanoaggregates as a function of block copolymer concentration. (A) 0.5 mmol; and (B) 3 mmol of block copolymer (Pluronic F-68).Abbreviation: CPS, counts per second.

Figure 4 FTIR spectrum of uncoated magnetic nanoaggregates.

Abbreviation: FTIR, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Figure 4 FTIR spectrum of uncoated magnetic nanoaggregates.Abbreviation: FTIR, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Figure 5 FTIR spectra of different polymer coated magnetic nanoaggregates.

Abbreviation: %T, % Transmittance.

Figure 5 FTIR spectra of different polymer coated magnetic nanoaggregates.Abbreviation: %T, % Transmittance.

Figure 6 Room temperature (300 K) magnetization curves of magnetic nanoaggregates prepared with 3 mmol of block copolymer and 5 wt% beta-cyclodextrin compared to magnetic nanoparticles prepared by conventional method.

Abbreviation: emu, electro-magnetic unit.

Figure 6 Room temperature (300 K) magnetization curves of magnetic nanoaggregates prepared with 3 mmol of block copolymer and 5 wt% beta-cyclodextrin compared to magnetic nanoparticles prepared by conventional method.Abbreviation: emu, electro-magnetic unit.

Table 2 Estimated Peppas parameters as a function of drug loading percentages and loading techniques

Figure 7 Drug release profiles of 5-fluorouracil nanoaggregates prepared by in situ loading method.

Figure 7 Drug release profiles of 5-fluorouracil nanoaggregates prepared by in situ loading method.

Figure 8 Effect of beta-cyclodextrin mass fraction on the release of progesterone samples loaded by freeze-drying.

Figure 8 Effect of beta-cyclodextrin mass fraction on the release of progesterone samples loaded by freeze-drying.

Figure 9 Mathematical modeling of 5-fluorouracil release from 146 nm magnetic nanoaggregates.

Figure 9 Mathematical modeling of 5-fluorouracil release from 146 nm magnetic nanoaggregates.

Figure 10 Mathematical modeling of 5-fluorouracil release from 293 nm magnetic nanoaggregates.

Figure 10 Mathematical modeling of 5-fluorouracil release from 293 nm magnetic nanoaggregates.

Scheme 1 Chemical structures of beta-cyclodextrin, polypropylene oxide/polypropylene oxide block copolymer (Pluronic F-68, HO (C2H4O)n(C3H6O)m(C2H4O)n OH, m = 80 and n = 27) and the two encapsulated drugs: progesterone and 5-fluorouracil.

Scheme 1 Chemical structures of beta-cyclodextrin, polypropylene oxide/polypropylene oxide block copolymer (Pluronic F-68, HO (C2H4O)n(C3H6O)m(C2H4O)n OH, m = 80 and n = 27) and the two encapsulated drugs: progesterone and 5-fluorouracil.

Table 3 Release parameters for mathematical modeling of progesterone-loaded magnetic nanoaggregates

Figure S1 Drug release profiles of 5-fluorouracil-loaded nanoaggregates prepared by in-situ loading method.

Figure S1 Drug release profiles of 5-fluorouracil-loaded nanoaggregates prepared by in-situ loading method.

Figure S2 Effect of particle size and loading procedures on the release profile of 5-fluorouracil-loaded nanoaggregates at constant percentage of drug loading.

Figure S2 Effect of particle size and loading procedures on the release profile of 5-fluorouracil-loaded nanoaggregates at constant percentage of drug loading.

Figure S3 Modified Peppas model equation for prediction of initial burst effect of progesterone-loaded nanoaggregates prepared at 0% beta-cyclodextrin.

Figure S3 Modified Peppas model equation for prediction of initial burst effect of progesterone-loaded nanoaggregates prepared at 0% beta-cyclodextrin.

Figure S4 Modified Peppas model equation for prediction of initial burst effect of progesterone-loaded nanoaggregates sample prepared at (A) 0%; and (B) 25% beta-cyclodextrin.

Figure S4 Modified Peppas model equation for prediction of initial burst effect of progesterone-loaded nanoaggregates sample prepared at (A) 0%; and (B) 25% beta-cyclodextrin.

Figure S5 Effect of drug loading percentages on the viability of cancerous cells.

Figure S5 Effect of drug loading percentages on the viability of cancerous cells.

Figure S6 Effect of drug loading technique on viability of lung cancer cells.

Abbreviation: 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil.

Figure S6 Effect of drug loading technique on viability of lung cancer cells.Abbreviation: 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil.

Table S1 Mathematical models describing release rates of 5-fluorouracil and progesterone from the hollow nanoaggregatesCitation14Citation16

Table S2 Effect of drug loading on the estimated release rates and release indices according to Peppas model equation

Table S3 Effect of beta-cyclodextrin mass fraction on the release parameters of progesterone and 5-fluorouracil freeze-dried loaded samples

Table S4 Results for the curve fitting parameters of different model functions for 5-fluorouracil release profiles

Controlled release of 5-fluorouracil and progesterone from magnetic nanoaggregates.

Controlled release of 5-fluorouracil and progesterone from magnetic nanoaggregates.