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Original Research

In vitro cellular uptake of evodiamine and rutaecarpine using a microemulsion

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Pages 2465-2472 | Published online: 18 May 2012

Figures & data

Figure 1 Microemulsion droplet size measured by NanoSight (NanoSight Ltd, Amesbury, UK). (A) Droplet size and relative intensity. (B) Still frame of a video of microemulsion droplets.

Note: The droplets appear as bluish-green spots (taken using NanoSight).

Figure 1 Microemulsion droplet size measured by NanoSight (NanoSight Ltd, Amesbury, UK). (A) Droplet size and relative intensity. (B) Still frame of a video of microemulsion droplets.Note: The droplets appear as bluish-green spots (taken using NanoSight).

Figure 2 Transmission electron microscopy image of Evo- and Rut-loaded microemulsion (stained with uranyl acetate).

Figure 2 Transmission electron microscopy image of Evo- and Rut-loaded microemulsion (stained with uranyl acetate).

Figure 3 Effect of microemulsion concentration on the amount of Evo (blue) and Rut (red) uptake by mouse skin fibroblasts.

Figure 3 Effect of microemulsion concentration on the amount of Evo (blue) and Rut (red) uptake by mouse skin fibroblasts.

Figure 4 Effect of microemulsion incubation time on the amount of Evo and Rut uptake by mouse skin fibroblasts.

Figure 4 Effect of microemulsion incubation time on the amount of Evo and Rut uptake by mouse skin fibroblasts.

Table 1 Size distribution and droplet concentration statistics of microemulsion by NanoSight

Figure 5 Effect of different formulations (A) microemulsion, (B) tincture, and (C) aqueous suspension, on the amount of Evo and Rut uptake by mouse skin fibroblasts.

Figure 5 Effect of different formulations (A) microemulsion, (B) tincture, and (C) aqueous suspension, on the amount of Evo and Rut uptake by mouse skin fibroblasts.

Figure 6 Influence of incubation with different formulations: (A) tincture; (B) aqueous suspension; (C) microemulsion; and (D) microemulsion without Evo and Rut on cellular morphology.

Figure 6 Influence of incubation with different formulations: (A) tincture; (B) aqueous suspension; (C) microemulsion; and (D) microemulsion without Evo and Rut on cellular morphology.

Figure 7 Influence of microemulsion concentration on cellular morphology.

Figure 7 Influence of microemulsion concentration on cellular morphology.

Figure 8 Influence of microemulsion incubation time on cellular morphology.

Figure 8 Influence of microemulsion incubation time on cellular morphology.

Figure 9 LSCM images showing different concentrations of rhodamine B-labeled microemulsion incubated with mouse skin fibroblasts.

Abbreviation: LCSM, laser scanning confocal microscopy.

Figure 9 LSCM images showing different concentrations of rhodamine B-labeled microemulsion incubated with mouse skin fibroblasts.Abbreviation: LCSM, laser scanning confocal microscopy.

Figure 10 LSCM images showing mouse skin fibroblasts incubated with rhodamine B-labeled microemulsion for different incubation times.

Abbreviation: LCSM, laser scanning confocal microscopy.

Figure 10 LSCM images showing mouse skin fibroblasts incubated with rhodamine B-labeled microemulsion for different incubation times.Abbreviation: LCSM, laser scanning confocal microscopy.

Figure 11 LSCM images showing rhodamine B-labeled formulations (A) microemulsion; (B) tincture; and (C) aqueous suspension.

Abbreviation: LCSM, laser scanning confocal microscopy.

Figure 11 LSCM images showing rhodamine B-labeled formulations (A) microemulsion; (B) tincture; and (C) aqueous suspension.Abbreviation: LCSM, laser scanning confocal microscopy.