Multifarious Biological Applications and Toxic Hg²⁺ Sensing Potentiality of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Based on Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk Stem Extract

Figures & data

Scheme 1 Schematics of SISE AgNPs synthesis, for diverse biological applications and Hg²⁺ sensing.

Figure 1 UV-V is absorption spectra of SISE AgNPs synthesis under different concentrations of AgNO₃, (a) SISE (b) 1.0 (c) 2.0 (d) 3.0 (e) 4.0 (f) 5.0 mM, inset shows the photo images.

Figure 2 Mechanism of SISE AgNPs synthesis, using Eriodyctiol as a putative bioactive metabolite from SISE.

Figure 3 (A) FTIR of (a) SISE (b) SISE AgNPs (B) TEM (200 nm) (C) TEM (50 nm) (D) Hydrodynamic diameter from DLS (E) FESEM (F) XRD of SISE AgNPs.

Figure 4 (A) DPPH radical scavenging and (B) ABTS activity of SISE AgNPs, in comparison with standard Ascorbic acid (AA).

Table 1 Antimicrobial Activity of SISE AgNPs

Bacterial Strains	Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) (µg/mL)	Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) (µg/mL)
P. aeruginosa	2	2
E. coli	2	4
V. parahaemolyticus	2	2
S. aureus	4	8
L. monocytogenes	2	8

Note: Values represent mean (n = 3).

Figure 5 (A) Effects of SISE AgNPs on erythrocyte hemolysis and (B) Cytotoxicity effects of SISE AgNPs on the viability of mouse fibroblast cells (L-929) and human embryonic colon cells (CaCo-2) at different concentration (0.209–26.875 μg/mL). Error bars represent the standard deviation of two measurements.

Figure 6 In vitro antidiabetic potentials of SISE AgNPs on (A) α-amylase and (B) α-glucosidase.

Figure 7 (A) UV-V is absorption spectra of SISE AgNPs, in the presence of Hg²⁺ ranging from 0.0–60.0 μM, inset shows the photo images of the various concentrations and (B) Plot of absorbance ratio A₃₈₅/A₄₂₃ against Hg²⁺ concentrations.

Figure 8 (A) Mechanistic basis of Hg²⁺ interaction with SISE AgNPs and (B) TEM images of (a) SISE AgNPs in the absence and (b) in the presence of 20.0 μM Hg²⁺ inset shows the photo images.

Table 2 Real Sample Application of SISE AgNPs Towards Hg²⁺ Detection in Water, (n = 3)

Concentration Hg^2+ (µM)		Recovery (%)	RSD (%)
Added	Found		(n = 3)
0	0.0	–	–
0.25	0.239 ± 0.025	95.6	1.8
1.00	0.98 ± 0.065	98.0	3.4
5.00	5.13 ± 0.25	102.6	2.9