Figures & data
Table 1 Pharmacokinetic profile of different formulations
Figure 1 Biodistribution study of (A) TQ solution (intravenous), (B) TQ solution (intranasal), and (C) chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating TQ (intranasal).
![Figure 1 Biodistribution study of (A) TQ solution (intravenous), (B) TQ solution (intranasal), and (C) chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating TQ (intranasal).](/cms/asset/c2f184d3-f078-4596-8a96-debe35acd9ec/dijn_a_35329_f0001_c.jpg)
Table 2 Results showing effects of different concentration of CS and TPP
Table 3 Particle size and particle size distribution of placebo formulations
Figure 3 Dynamic light scattering technique for determining the particle size distribution of placebo nanoparticles (A and B) and TQ-encapsulated nanoparticles (C), and zeta potential of TQ-encapsulated nanoparticles (D).
![Figure 3 Dynamic light scattering technique for determining the particle size distribution of placebo nanoparticles (A and B) and TQ-encapsulated nanoparticles (C), and zeta potential of TQ-encapsulated nanoparticles (D).](/cms/asset/c33f34d5-125c-41f6-9e62-21857cdf5215/dijn_a_35329_f0003_c.jpg)
Table 4 Particle size and particle size distribution of drug-loaded formulation
Table 5 Effect of TQ concentration on EE and LC
Figure 4 Transmission electron (A) and scanning electron (B) microscopy study of optimized nanoparticles.
![Figure 4 Transmission electron (A) and scanning electron (B) microscopy study of optimized nanoparticles.](/cms/asset/38cbf42d-9b3d-4a34-8e77-8231052b3b4a/dijn_a_35329_f0004_c.jpg)
Figure 5 Differential scanning calorimetry (A) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (B) of thymoquinone (a), chitosan (b), physical mixture of thymoquinone–chitosan (c), and thymoquinone containing chitosan nanoparticles (d), respectively.
![Figure 5 Differential scanning calorimetry (A) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (B) of thymoquinone (a), chitosan (b), physical mixture of thymoquinone–chitosan (c), and thymoquinone containing chitosan nanoparticles (d), respectively.](/cms/asset/9bad3929-87a4-4b22-8dc1-2fd4bd89ffae/dijn_a_35329_f0005_c.jpg)
Table 6 Coefficient of correlation for optimized CS NPs
Table 7 In vitro radiolabeling stability in normal saline, rat plasma, and in rat brain homogenate
Table 8 Nose-to-brain drug-targeting parameters of different formulations