333
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

A Novel Strategy for Liposomal Drug Separation in Plasma by TiO2 Microspheres and Application in Pharmacokinetics

, , , , &
Pages 1321-1334 | Received 18 Nov 2022, Accepted 27 Feb 2023, Published online: 17 Mar 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1 (a) Mechanism of liposome extraction with TiO2-based microspheres and the plasma sample preparation procedures: (b) Sample collection and extraction; (c) Total DTX method (PPE); (d) Liposomal-encapsulated DTX method (TiO2 extraction method).

Figure 1 (a) Mechanism of liposome extraction with TiO2-based microspheres and the plasma sample preparation procedures: (b) Sample collection and extraction; (c) Total DTX method (PPE); (d) Liposomal-encapsulated DTX method (TiO2 extraction method).

Figure 2 Characterization and validation of the TiO2-based liposome samples: (a) SEM and (b) TEM images.

Figure 2 Characterization and validation of the TiO2-based liposome samples: (a) SEM and (b) TEM images.

Figure 3 Optimization of the conditions for liposomes separation: (a) Rate of liposome extraction of DTX liposomes as a function of the amount of TiO2; (b) pH values of the dilutions.

Figure 3 Optimization of the conditions for liposomes separation: (a) Rate of liposome extraction of DTX liposomes as a function of the amount of TiO2; (b) pH values of the dilutions.

Table 1 Optimization of the Conditions for DTX Liposome Extraction

Table 2 Back-Calculated Concentrations of Calibration Standards for All Five Assays (All of the Concentrations are Expressed as Ng/mL)

Figure 4 Representative chromatograms of all analytes in the two assays: (a) Blank sample; (b) LLOQ (7.5 ng/mL) of encapsulated DTX; (c) LLOQ (15 ng/mL) of total DTX; (d) Rat plasma sample of encapsulated DTX; (e) Rat plasma sample of total DTX; (f) IS of encapsulated DTX; (g) IS of total DTX.

Figure 4 Representative chromatograms of all analytes in the two assays: (a) Blank sample; (b) LLOQ (7.5 ng/mL) of encapsulated DTX; (c) LLOQ (15 ng/mL) of total DTX; (d) Rat plasma sample of encapsulated DTX; (e) Rat plasma sample of total DTX; (f) IS of encapsulated DTX; (g) IS of total DTX.

Table 3 Intra- and Inter-Run Accuracy and Precision of QC Samples for All of the Analytes in Five Assays

Table 4 Matrix Effect and Rate of Liposome Extraction for Total DTX and Encapsulated DTX in Rat Plasma (n = 5 per Assay)

Table 5 Stability of DTX Liposomes in Rat Plasma (n = 5 per Assay)

Table 6 Pharmacokinetic Parameters of DTX Liposomes in Rats (n = 5 per Group)

Table 7 Summary of Statistical Analysis for Dose-Proportionality for 1 Mg/Kg, 2 Mg/Kg, and 4 Mg/Kg of DTX Liposomes

Figure 5 Concentration-time curves for total drugs and liposomal-encapsulated drugs after intravenous administration of DTX liposomes in rat. (a) 1 mg/kg; (b) 2 mg/kg, and (c) 4 mg/kg (n = 5).

Figure 5 Concentration-time curves for total drugs and liposomal-encapsulated drugs after intravenous administration of DTX liposomes in rat. (a) 1 mg/kg; (b) 2 mg/kg, and (c) 4 mg/kg (n = 5).