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Original Research

Empirical modeling of the fine particle fraction for carrier-based pulmonary delivery formulations

, , , &
Pages 801-810 | Published online: 21 Jan 2015

Figures & data

Table 1 General description of created database

Table 2 Settings for selection of variables performed by fscaret

Figure 1 Scheme of work.

Abbreviations: 3D, three-dimensional; SEM, scanning electron microscope; API, active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Figure 1 Scheme of work.Abbreviations: 3D, three-dimensional; SEM, scanning electron microscope; API, active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Figure 2 General structure of created models.

Figure 2 General structure of created models.

Table 3 Structure of the database contained 28 input variables prepared based on fscaret results

Table 4 Results for the best models created based on the database contained 28 input vectors

Figure 3 Observed versus predicted plot for model created with the genetic programming method.

Abbreviation: FPF, fine particle fraction.

Figure 3 Observed versus predicted plot for model created with the genetic programming method.Abbreviation: FPF, fine particle fraction.

Table 5 Architecture and settings of created models for various modeling methods

Figure 4 Response surfaces for predicted FPF and variables.

Notes: (A) Drug lipophilicity (logP) and carrier surface properties (Rsk). (B) Drug content in formulation (%) and flow rate (L/min).

Abbreviations: FPF, fine particle fraction; Rsk, skewness of the assessed profile.

Figure 4 Response surfaces for predicted FPF and variables.Notes: (A) Drug lipophilicity (logP) and carrier surface properties (Rsk). (B) Drug content in formulation (%) and flow rate (L/min).Abbreviations: FPF, fine particle fraction; Rsk, skewness of the assessed profile.

Figure 5 Plots and Rsk values for various surfaces.

Notes: (A) Rsk =1.4, (B) Rsk =1.5, (C) Rsk = −0.18, (D) Rsk =0.08.

Abbreviations: Rsk, the skewness of the assessed profile; Z-depth(pixel), distance.

Figure 5 Plots and Rsk values for various surfaces.Notes: (A) Rsk =1.4, (B) Rsk =1.5, (C) Rsk = −0.18, (D) Rsk =0.08.Abbreviations: Rsk, the skewness of the assessed profile; Z-depth(pixel), distance.

Table 6 Parameters of validation formulation

Table 7 Results of model validation on new experimental data

Figure 6 Scanning electron micrograph of hydroxyapatite carrier for additional formulation.

Figure 6 Scanning electron micrograph of hydroxyapatite carrier for additional formulation.