Sustained release of VH and rhBMP-2 from nanoporous magnesium–zinc–silicon xerogels for osteomyelitis treatment and bone repair

Figures & data

Figure 1 TEM (A) and SEM (B) images of morphology and microstructure of the n-MZS xerogels.

Abbreviations: n-MZS, anoporous magnesium–zinc–silicon; SE, secondary electron signal types; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; TEM, transmission electron microscopy.

Figure 2 N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms (A) and pore diameter distribution (B) of the n-MZS xerogels.

Abbreviations: n-MZS, anoporous magnesium–zinc–silicon; STP, standard temperature and pressure.

Figure 3 VH (A) and rhBMP-2 (B) loading on n-MZS and MZS xerogels.

Abbreviations: MZS, magnesium–zinc–silicon; n-MZS, nanoporous magnesium–zinc–silicon; rhBMP-2, human bone morphogenetic protein-2; VH, vancomycin hydrochloride.

Figure 4 VH (A) and rhBMP-2 (B) release from n-MZS and MZS xerogels.

Abbreviations: MZS, magnesium–zinc–silicon; n-MZS, nanoporous magnesium–zinc–silicon; rhBMP-2, human bone morphogenetic protein-2; VH, vancomycin hydrochloride.

Figure 5 VH and rhBMP-2 release from n-MZS xerogels at different times.

Abbreviations: n-MZS, nanoporous magnesium–zinc–silicon; rhBMP-2, human bone morphogenetic protein-2; VH, vancomycin hydrochloride.

Figure 6 The number of viable bacteria on the sample surfaces was counted and normalized to the counts of n-MZS (control).

Abbreviations: MZS, magnesium–zinc–silicon; n-MZS, nanoporous magnesium–zinc–silicon; rhBMP-2, human bone morphogenetic protein-2; VH, vancomycin hydrochloride.

Figure 7 Proliferation of the MG63 cells on the VH/rhBMP-2/n-MZS (A) and VH/rhBMP-2/MZS (B) systems at 1, 3, and 5 days; n-MZS (C); and MZS (D) xerogels without VH and rhBMP-2 as controls.

Abbreviations: MZS, magnesium–zinc–silicon; n-MZS, nanoporous magnesium–zinc–silicon; rhBMP-2, human bone morphogenetic protein-2; VH, vancomycin hydrochloride.

Figure 8 Cytoskeletal morphology of the MG63 cells on the samples for 5 days: VH/rhBMP-2/n-MZS (A) and VH/rhBMP-2/MZS (B) systems; n-MZS (C) and MZS (D) xerogels.

Abbreviations: MZS, magnesium–zinc–silicon; n-MZS, nanoporous magnesium–zinc–silicon; rhBMP-2, human bone morphogenetic protein-2; VH, vancomycin hydrochloride.

Figure 9 ALP activity of MG63 cells cultured on VH/rhBMP-2/n-MZS (A) and VH/rhBMP-2/MZS (B) systems at 4 and 7 days, respectively; n-MZS (C) and MZS (D) xerogels without VH and rhBMP-2 as controls.

Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; MZS, magnesium–zinc–silicon; n-MZS, nanoporous magnesium–zinc–silicon; rhBMP-2, human bone morphogenetic protein-2; VH, vancomycin hydrochloride.