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International Journal of Nanomedicine Volume 10, 2015 - Issue
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Original Research

Antimicrobial activity of bone cements embedded with organic nanoparticles

Stefano Perni1 School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK;2 Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
,
Victorien Thenault1 School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
,
Pauline Abdo1 School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
,
Katrin Margulis3 Casali Institute, Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
,
Shlomo Magdassi3 Casali Institute, Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
&
Polina Prokopovich1 School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK;2 Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USACorrespondence[email protected]
Pages 6317-6329 | Published online: 07 Oct 2015

Figures & data

Table 1 MIC (μg/mL) of pure propylparaben, organic nanoparticles, and hand mixture of nanoparticles components

Figure 1 Examples of Staphylococcus aureus growth curves on (A) brushite, (B) hydroxyapatite, and (C) PMMA containing antimicrobial organic nanoparticles.

Notes: • 0%, ▼ 0.1%, ■ 0.5%, ♦ 1%, ○ 2%, ▲ 5%, ▼ 7%.

Abbreviations: NP, nanoparticle; OD600, optical density at 600 nm; PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

Figure 1 Examples of Staphylococcus aureus growth curves on (A) brushite, (B) hydroxyapatite, and (C) PMMA containing antimicrobial organic nanoparticles.Notes: • 0%, ▼ 0.1%, ■ 0.5%, ♦ 1%, ○ 2%, ▲ 5%, ▼ 7%.Abbreviations: NP, nanoparticle; OD600, optical density at 600 nm; PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

Figure 2 Examples of MRSA growth curves on (A) brushite, (B) hydroxyapatite, and (C) PMMA containing antimicrobial organic nanoparticles.

Notes: • 0%, ▼ 0.1%, ■ 0.5%, ♦ 1%, ○ 2%, ▲ 5%, ▼ 7%.

Abbreviations: MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; NP, nanoparticle; OD600, optical density at 600 nm; PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

Figure 2 Examples of MRSA growth curves on (A) brushite, (B) hydroxyapatite, and (C) PMMA containing antimicrobial organic nanoparticles.Notes: • 0%, ▼ 0.1%, ■ 0.5%, ♦ 1%, ○ 2%, ▲ 5%, ▼ 7%.Abbreviations: MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; NP, nanoparticle; OD600, optical density at 600 nm; PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

Figure 3 Examples of Acinetobacter baumannii growth curves on (A) brushite, (B) hydroxyapatite, and (C) PMMA containing antimicrobial organic nanoparticles.

Notes: • 0%, ▼ 0.1%, ■ 0.5%, ♦ 1%, ○ 2%, ▲ 5%, ▼ 7%.

Abbreviations: NP, nanoparticle; OD600, optical density at 600 nm; PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

Figure 3 Examples of Acinetobacter baumannii growth curves on (A) brushite, (B) hydroxyapatite, and (C) PMMA containing antimicrobial organic nanoparticles.Notes: • 0%, ▼ 0.1%, ■ 0.5%, ♦ 1%, ○ 2%, ▲ 5%, ▼ 7%.Abbreviations: NP, nanoparticle; OD600, optical density at 600 nm; PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

Figure 4 Examples of Staphylococcus epidermidis growth curves on (A) brushite, (B) hydroxyapatite, and (C) PMMA containing antimicrobial organic nanoparticles.

Notes: • 0%, ▼ 0.1%, ■ 0.5%, ♦ 1%, ○ 2%, ▲ 5%, ▼ 7%.

Abbreviations: NP, nanoparticle; OD600, optical density at 600 nm; PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

Figure 4 Examples of Staphylococcus epidermidis growth curves on (A) brushite, (B) hydroxyapatite, and (C) PMMA containing antimicrobial organic nanoparticles.Notes: • 0%, ▼ 0.1%, ■ 0.5%, ♦ 1%, ○ 2%, ▲ 5%, ▼ 7%.Abbreviations: NP, nanoparticle; OD600, optical density at 600 nm; PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

Table 2 Lag phase and growth rate of the growth curves of survival on brushite bone cement containing organic nanoparticles

Table 3 Lag phase and growth rate of the growth curves of survival on hydroxyapatite bone cement containing organic nanoparticles

Table 4 Lag phase and growth rate of the growth curves of survival on PMMA bone cement containing organic nanoparticles

Figure 5 MTT assay for bone cements containing nanoparticles as ratio between OD540 of samples containing paraben nanoparticles (7% w/w for PMMA, 5% w/w for hydroxyapatite and 1% w/w for brushite) and control (same type of bone cement without nanoparticles).

Abbreviations: NP, nanoparticle; OD540, optical density at 540 nm; PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

Figure 5 MTT assay for bone cements containing nanoparticles as ratio between OD540 of samples containing paraben nanoparticles (7% w/w for PMMA, 5% w/w for hydroxyapatite and 1% w/w for brushite) and control (same type of bone cement without nanoparticles).Abbreviations: NP, nanoparticle; OD540, optical density at 540 nm; PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

Figure 6 Compression strength of bone cements with 0% (control) and with organic nanoparticles (7% w/w for PMMA, 5% w/w for hydroxyapatite, and 1% w/w for brushite) freshly prepared (A), and after 7 days in PBS at 37°C (B).

Note: Black columns represent control samples, and white columns represent bone cement containing nanoparticles.

Abbreviations: PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate); PBS, phosphate buffer solution.

Figure 6 Compression strength of bone cements with 0% (control) and with organic nanoparticles (7% w/w for PMMA, 5% w/w for hydroxyapatite, and 1% w/w for brushite) freshly prepared (A), and after 7 days in PBS at 37°C (B).Note: Black columns represent control samples, and white columns represent bone cement containing nanoparticles.Abbreviations: PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate); PBS, phosphate buffer solution.

Figure 7 Concentration in the release medium of propylparaben from bone cements prepared with propylparaben nanoparticles.

Note: • 7% w/w for PMMA, ○ 5% w/w for hydroxyapatite, and ▼ 1% w/w for brushite.

Abbreviation: PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

Figure 7 Concentration in the release medium of propylparaben from bone cements prepared with propylparaben nanoparticles.Note: • 7% w/w for PMMA, ○ 5% w/w for hydroxyapatite, and ▼ 1% w/w for brushite.Abbreviation: PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

Figure 8 Storage (G′) and loss (G″) modulus of (A) brushite, (B) hydroxyapatite, and (C) PMMA bone cements containing 2% (w/w) of gentamicin (circles) or propylparaben nanoparticles 7% w/w for PMMA, 5% w/w for hydroxyapatite, and 1% w/w for brushite (triangles).

Note: Full symbols (G′) and empty symbols (G″).

Abbreviation: PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

Figure 8 Storage (G′) and loss (G″) modulus of (A) brushite, (B) hydroxyapatite, and (C) PMMA bone cements containing 2% (w/w) of gentamicin (circles) or propylparaben nanoparticles 7% w/w for PMMA, 5% w/w for hydroxyapatite, and 1% w/w for brushite (triangles).Note: Full symbols (G′) and empty symbols (G″).Abbreviation: PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate).

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