Inflammatory milieu in contrast-induced nephropathy: a prospective single-center study

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and relevant characteristics of the participants

	n	%
Age, mean (SD)	55.8 (9.7)
Gender
Female	57	28.2
Male	145	71.8
Smoking
No	92	45.8
Current	79	39.3
Past	30	14.9
Diabetes mellitus	88	43.6
Hypertension	139	68.8
Congestive heart failure	54	26.9
Cerebrovascular accident	21	10.4
Coronary artery disease	95	47.0

Table 2 The incidence rate of contrast-induced nephropathy according to demographic, clinical, and relevant characteristics of the participants

	Contrast-induced nephropathy				P-value
	No		Yes
	n	%	n	%
Gender					0.120
Female	45	78.9	12	21.1
Male	127	87.6	18	12.4
Smoking					0.233
No	74	80.4	18	19.6
Current	70	88.6	9	11.4
Past	27	90.0	3	10.0
Diabetes mellitus					0.978
No	97	85.1	17	14.9
Yes	75	85.2	13	14.8
Hypertension					0.562
No	55	87.3	8	12.7
Yes	117	84.2	22	15.8
congestive heart failure					0.979
No	125	85.0	22	15.0
Yes	46	85.2	8	14.8
Cerebrovascular accident					0.568
No	155	85.6	26	14.4
Yes	17	81.0	4	19.0
Coronary artery disease					0.103
No	87	81.3	20	18.7
Yes	85	89.5	10	10.5
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor					0.309
No	114	87.0	17	13.0
Yes	58	81.7	13	18.3
Angiotensin receptor blockers					0.306
No	135	86.5	21	13.5
Yes	37	80.4	9	19.6
Diuretics					0.047
No	113	89.0	14	11.0
Yes	59	78.7	16	21.3
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs					0.313
No	157	84.4	29	15.6
Yes	15	93.8	1	6.3
Statin					0.980
No	52	85.2	9	14.8
Yes	120	85.1	21	14.9
Pre-procedure hydration					0.568
No	155	85.6	26	14.4
Yes	17	81.0	4	19.0
eGFR, mL/min <60	25	86.2	4	13.8	0.863
≥+60	147	85.0	26	15.0

Abbreviation: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Table 3 CRP and interleukins based on CIN status

Variable	CIN (+)	CIN (−)
CRP mg/L, mean (±SD)	8.3 (12.9)	11.5 (37.9)
IL-1α ng/mL, mean (±SD)	2.1 (2.7)	2.4 (3.2)
IL-6 ng/mL, mean (±SD)	2.7 (2.4)	3.1 (2.8)
IL-19 ng/mL, mean (±SD)	5.8 (8.2)	9.5 (11.3)
IL-20 ng/mL, mean (±SD)	2.9 (4.0)	2.1 (3.3)
IL-21 ng/mL, mean (±SD)	29.7 (20.0)	40.2 (36.6)
IL-22 ng/mL, mean (±SD)	4.7 (5.9)	5.9 (8.6)
IL-33 ng/mL, mean (±SD)	2.2 (2.2)	1.0 (1.5)
NGAL ng/mL, mean (±SD)	10.5 (10.3)	16.6 (15.2)

Abbreviations: CIN, contrast-induced nephropathy; CRP, C-reactive protein; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.