Higher diastolic blood pressure at admission and antiedema therapy is associated with acute kidney injury in acute ischemic stroke patients

Figures & data

Table 1 The baseline characteristics of the subjects regarding AKI

	Total	AKI (negative)	AKI (positive)	P-value
N	129	115	14
Age (years)	68.16±12.29	67.68±12.31	72.14±11.78	NS
Sex (male/female)	73/56	64/51	9/5	NS
Hypertension	120 (93.0%)	107 (93.0%)	13 (92.9%)	NS
Diabetes mellitus	56 (43.4%)	51 (44.3%)	5 (35.7%)	NS
Coronary artery disease	63 (48.8%)	54 (47.0%)	9 (64.3%)	NS
Atrial fibrillation	32 (24.8%)	25 (21.7%)	7 (50.0%)	0.043
Carotid artery stenosis	27 (21.3%)	25 (21.9%)	2 (15.4%)	NS
Vertebral artery stenosis	20 (15.7%)	20 (17.5%)	0 (0%)	NS
Left ventricular hypertrophy	97 (75.2%)	88 (76.3%)	9 (64.3%)	NS
Aortic valve calcification	30 (23.3%)	25 (21.7%)	5 (35.7%)	NS
SBP (mmHg)	143.56±24.43	144.20±25.16	156.00±31.06	NS
DBP (mmHg)	81.25±13.40	80.56±13.36	89.07±17.41	0.032
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	13.41±1.67	13.39±1.69	13.56±1.55	NS
WBC (1,000/mm³)	9.84±3.25	9.85±3.28	9.80±3.05	NS
Platelets (1,000/mm³)	275.12±83.32	273.97±82.23	284.57±94.57	NS
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	183.33±43.01	184.66±44.49	172.64±27.42	NS
LDL-C (mg/dL)	115.29±34.00	116.22±34.94	107.87±24.93	NS
HDL-C (mg/dL)	37.10±9.04	37.26±9.41	35.79±5.18	NS
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	157.07±88.29	158.05±88.37	149.29±90.51	NS
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	1.10±0.68	1.10±0.70	1.16±0.51	NS
Serum calcium (mg/dL)	9.13±0.58	9.10±0.56	9.25±0.68	NS
Serum phosphorus (mg/dL)	3.53±0.79	3.52±0.78	3.55±0.87	NS
Serum albumin (g/dL)	3.69±0.55	3.65±0.57	3.85±0.43	NS
eGFR (mL/minute/1.73 m^2)	73.97±27.65	74.96±27.39	65.86±29.41	NS
Chronic kidney disease	37 (28.7%)	30 (26.1%)	7 (50.0%)	NS
Proteinuria (g/L)	0.45±1.49	0.50±1.56	0.03±0.10	NS
CRP (mg/L)	19.49±36.57	19.11±37.78	22.37±26.61	NS
ACEI/ARB	51 (40.2%)	45 (39.8%)	6 (42.9%)	NS
Ca channel blockers	82 (64.6%)	73 (64.6%)	9 (64.3%)	NS
Beta blockers	45 (35.4%)	38 (33.6%)	7 (50.0%)	NS
Antiaggregant drug	11 (6.88%)	9 (7.8%)	2 (14%)	NS
Mannitol	52 (40.3%)	42 (36.5%)	10 (71.4%)	0.019
Furosemide	52 (40.3%)	42 (36.5%)	10 (71.4%)	0.019

Abbreviations: ACEI/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers; AKI, acute kidney injury; Ca, calcium; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WBC, white blood cell; NS, not significant.

Table 2 Multiple logistic regression analysis between AKI and other risk factors for stroke, with AKI as a dependent variable

	B	SE	Wald	df	P-value	Odds ratio	95% CI for Exp(B)
							Lower	Upper
Age	0.023	0.030	0.571	1	0.450	1.023	0.964	1.085
Sex	0.171	0.665	0.066	1	0.798	1.186	0.322	4.366
Diabetes mellitus	0.149	0.668	0.050	1	0.823	1.161	0.314	4.295
Hypertension	1.406	1.358	1.071	1	0.301	4.078	0.285	58.432
CAD	0.632	0.685	0.851	1	0.356	1.882	0.491	7.212
AF	0.938	0.695	1.820	1	0.177	2.555	0.654	9.987
DBP (mmHg)	0.046	0.021	4.786	1	0.029	1.047	1.005	1.091
Mannitol	1.334	0.661	4.074	1	0.044	3.795	1.039	13.853
Constant	−9.270	3.059	9.184	1	0.002	0.000

Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; AKI, acute kidney injury; CAD, coronary artery disease; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; df, degrees of freedom; SE, standard error.