The deleterious effects of arteriovenous fistula-creation on the cardiovascular system: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study

Figures & data

Table 1 Subject baseline characteristics

Characteristic	N=24
Age (years)	59±12
Sex (male), % (n)	58 (14)
Hypertension, % (n)	88 (21)
Hyperlipidemia, % (n)	54 (13)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, % (n)	38 (9)
Smoking, % (n)
– Current	12 (3)
– Former	17 (4)
– Nonsmoker	71 (17)
Prior coronary artery disease, % (n)	21 (5)
Cerebrovascular disease, % (n)	8 (2)
Chronic pulmonary disease, % (n)	21 (5)
Baseline creatinine (μmol/L)	552±130

Figure 1 Alterations in left ventricular structure and function following AVF-creation.

Abbreviations: AVF, arteriovenous fistula; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; EDV, end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ESV, end-systolic volume; LV, left ventricular; NS, nonsignificant; SV, stroke volume.

Figure 2 Alterations in right ventricular structure and function following AVF-creation.

Abbreviations: AVF, arteriovenous fistula; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; EDV, end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ESV, end-systolic volume; NS, nonsignificant; RV, right ventricular.

Table 2 Summary of changes in cardiac structure and function following fistula-creation

Cardiac structure and function	Baseline	Post-fistula-creation	P-value
LV end-systolic size (mL)	43±16	52±24 (up 21%)	P=0.014
LV end-diastolic size (mL)	149±31	175±43 mL (up 17%)	P<0.0001
LVEF (%)	72±7	71±9	P=0.60
LVSV (mL)	107±24	124±29 (up 16%)	P<0.0001
LV CO (L/min)	7.5±1.5	9.4±2.2 (up 25%)	P<0.0001
LVM (g)	132±32	149±35 (up 13%)	P<0.0001
RV end-systolic size (mL)	49±14	56±18 (up 15%)	P=0.0014
RV end-diastolic size (mL)	142±32	167±42 (up 18%)	P<0.0001
RVEF (%)	66±5	67±6	P=0.45
RVSV (mL)	93±24	112±27 (up 20%)	P<0.0001
LA (cm^2)	27±6	30±6 (up 11%)	P=0.0003
RA (cm^2)	23±6	25±6 (up 9%)	P=0.0046

Abbreviations: CO, cardiac output; EF, ejection fraction; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricular; M, mass; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricular; SV, stroke volume.

Figure 3 Alterations in peripheral endothelial function following AVF-creation.

Abbreviations: AVF, arteriovenous fistula CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; NS, nonsignificant.

Figure 4 Alteration in CMR-assessed brachial artery blood-flow, ipsilateral and contralateral to the newly created arteriovenous fistula.

Abbreviations: AVF, arteriovenous fistula CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; NS, nonsignificant.