Determinants of pelvic organ prolapse among gynecologic patients in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia: a case–control study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of respondents in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital and GAMBY Teaching Hospital, Bahir Dar city, 2014

Characteristics of respondents (n=349)	Cases n=124 (%)	Controls n=225 (%)
Age
<40 years	35 (28.2)	164 (72.9)
≥40 years	89 (71.8)	61 (27.1)
Residence
Urban	13 (10.5)	103 (45.8)
Rural	111 (89.5)	122 (54.2)
Religion
Orthodox	111 (89.5)	171 (76.0)
Muslim	9 (7.3)	38 (16.9)
Protestant	4 (3.2)	16 (7.1)
Marital status
Single	63 (50.8)	53 (23.6)
Married	61 (49.2)	172 (76.4)
Formal education
Yes	5 (4.0)	93 (41.3)
No	119 (96)	132 (58.7)
Occupational status
Employed	5 (4.0)	59 (26.2)
Unemployed	119 (96.0)	166 (73.8)

Table 2 Obstetric and related characteristics of cases and controls in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital and GAMBY Teaching Hospital, Bahir Dar city, 2014

Characteristics of respondents (n=329)	Cases n=124 (%)	Controls n=225 (%)
Number of pregnancy
<4	14 (11.3)	150 (66.7)
≥4	110 (88.7)	75 (33.3)
Number of parity
<4	19 (15.3)	165 (73.3)
≥4	105 (84.7)	60 (26.7)
Place of delivery (for the last birth)
Health institution	21 (16.9)	138 (61.3)
Home	103 (83.3)	87 (38.7)
Delivery assisted by
Health professional	18 (14.5)	137 (60.9)
Nonhealth professional	106 (85.5)	88 (39.1)
Return to work after delivery
≥42 days	7 (5.6)	69 (30.7)
<42 days	117 (94.4)	156 (69.3)
Position during labor (for the last birth)
Lying	45 (36.3)	162 (72)
Knee to chest	79 (63.8)	63 (28)
Delivery interval
>2 years	85 (68.5)	152 (73.1)
≤2 years	39 (31.5)	55 (26.4)
Duration of labor (for the last birth)
<8 hours	63 (50.8)	119 (52.9)
≥8 hours	61 (49.2)	106 (47.1)
Age at first delivery
≥20 years	10 (8.1)	79 (35.1)
<20 years	114 (91.9)	146 (64.9)
Sphincter damage
No	110 (88.7)	221 (98.2)
Yes	14 (11.3)	4 (1.8)
Vaginal tear (for the last birth)
No	107 (86.3)	173 (76.9)
Yes	17 (13.7)	52 (23.1)
Carry heavy object
No	31 (25)	135 (60)
Yes	93 (75)	90 (40)
Chronic cough
No	114 (91.9)	218 (96.9)
Yes	10 (8.1)	7 (3.1)
Family history of POP
No	96 (77.4)	211 (93.8)
Yes	28 (22.6)	14 (6.2)
BMI
18.5–24.9 kg/m^2	96 (77.4)	189 (84.0)
<18.5 kg/m^2	23 (18.5)	14 (6.2)
≥25 kg/m^2	5 (4.0)	22 (9.8)

Abbreviations: POP, pelvic organ prolapse; BMI, body mass index.

Table 3 Factors associated with POP in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital and GAMBY Teaching Hospital, Bahir Dar city, 2014

Characteristics (n=349)	Cases n=124 (%)	Controls n=225 (%)	Crude OR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Age
≥40 years	89 (71.8)	61 (27.1)	6.8 (4.19–11.15)*	3.0 (1.59–5.89)*
<40 years	35 (28.2)	164 (72.9)	1	1
Residence
Rural	111 (89.5)	122 (54.2)	7.2 (3.83–13.55)*	–
Urban	13 (10.5)	103 (45.8)	1
Formal education
No	119 (96)	132 (58.7)	16.7 (6.59–42.64)*	4.3 (1.25–14.87)*
Yes	5 (4)	93 (41.3)	1	1
Occupational status
Unemployed	119 (96)	166 (73.8)	8.4 (3.29–21.71)*	–
Employed	5 (4)	59 (26.2)	1
Pregnancy
≥4	110 (88.7)	75 (33.3)	15.7 (8.44–29.25)*	–
<4	14 (11.3)	150 (66.7)	1
Parity/delivery
≥4	105 (84.7)	60 (26.7)	15.2 (8.58–26.90)*	4.5 (2.26–9.10)*
<4	19 (15.3)	165 (73.3)	1	1
Place of delivery (for the last birth)
Home	103 (83.3)	87 (38.7)	7.7 (4.53–13.35)*	–
Health institution	21 (16.9)	138 (61.3)	1
Delivery assisted by
Nonhealth professional	106 (85.5)	88 (39.1)	9.2 (5.20–16.16)*	2.6 (1.24–5.56)*
Health professional	18 (14.5)	137 (60.9)	1	1
Return to work after delivery
<42 days	117 (94.4)	156 (69.3)	7.3 (3.27–16.67)*	–
≥42 days	7 (5.6)	69 (30.7)	1
Position during labor
Knee to chest	79 (63.8)	63 (28)	4.5 (2.82–7.20)*	–
Lying	45 (36.3)	162 (72)	1
Delivery interval
≤2 years	39 (31.5)	55 (26.4)	1.2 (0.78–2.07)	–
>2 years	85 (68.5)	152 (73.1)	1
Duration of labor (for the last birth)
≥8 hours	61 (49.2)	106 (47.1)	1.0 (0.70–1.68)	–
<8 hours	63 (50.8)	119 (52.9)	1
Age at first delivery
<20 years	114 (91.9)	146 (64.9)	6.1 (3.05–12.44)*	–
≥20 years	10 (8.1)	79 (35.1)	1
Sphincter damage
Yes	14 (11.3)	4 (1.8)	7.0 (2.26–21.86)*	8.1 (1.67–39.70)*
No	110 (88.7)	221 (98.2)	1	1
Vaginal tear
Yes	17 (13.7)	52 (23.1)	0.53 (0.29–0.96)*	–
No	107 (86.3)	173 (76.9)	1
Carry heavy object
Yes	93 (75.0)	90 (40.0)	4.5 (2.767–7.317)*	3.1 (1.56–6.30)*
No	31 (25.0)	135 (60.0)	1	1
Chronic cough
Yes	10 (8.1)	7 (3.1)	2.7 (1.01–7.36)*	–
No	114 (91.9)	218 (96.9)	1
Family history of POP
Yes	28 (22.6)	14 (6.2)	4.4 (2.21–8.72)*	4.9 (1.94–12.63)*
No	96 (77.4)	211 (93.8)	1	1
BMI
<18.5 kg/m^2	23 (18.5)	14 (6.2)	3.2 (1.59–6.56)	3.1 (1.22–7.82)*
18.5–24.9 kg/m^2	96 (77.4)	189 (84.0)	1	1
≥25 kg/m^2	5 (4.0)	22 (9.8)	0.4 (0.16–1.21)	0.5 (0.14–2.13)

Note:

* Statistically significant at P<0.05 (two-tailed).

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; OR, odds ratio; POP, pelvic organ prolapse; BMI, body mass index.