Trends and causes of maternal mortality in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, southwest Ethiopia: a matched case–control study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of women included in this study from JUSH, May 2015

Variables	Category	Controlsa	Casesa	Total
Age, years	<20	62 (76.54)	19 (23.46)	81
		12.92	15.83	13.5
	20–34	315 (83.33)	63 (16.67)	378
		65.63	52.5	63
	≥35	103 (73)	38 (26.95)	141
		21.46	31.67	23.5
Residence	Rural	218 (90)	91 (10)	309
		45.42	75.83	51.5
	Urban	262 (70.55)	29 (29.45)	291
		54.58	24.17	48.5
Estimated distance from Jimma, km	≤10	154 (92.77)	12 (7.23)	166
		32.08	10	27.67
	11–50	142 (74.74)	48 (25.26)	190
		29.58	40	31.67
	51–150	102 (79.69)	26 (20.31)	128
		21.25	21.67	21.33
	≥151	82 (68.42)	34 (31.58)	116
		17.03	28.33	19.33
Total		480	120	600

Note:

a Data is presented as frequency (row %) column %.

Abbreviation: JUSH, Jimma University Specialized Hospital.

Table 2 Past obstetric history of women included in this study from JUSH, May 2015

Variables	Category	Controlsa	Casesa	Total
Gravidity	Primigravida	168 (77.1)	50 (22.9)	218
		35	41.67	36.33
	2–4	228 (87.4)	33 (12.6)	261
		47.5	27.5	43.5
	≥5	84 (69.4)	37 (30.6)	121
		17.5	30.83	20.17
Parity	Primipara	198 (79.2)	52 (20.8)	250
		41.25	43.33	41.67
	2–4	229 (86.4)	36 (13.6)	265
		47.71	30	44.17
	≥5	53 (62.4)	32 (37.6)	85
		11.04	26.67	14.17
Previous cesarean section	No	468 (80)	117 (20)	585
		97.5	97.5	97.5
	Yes	12 (80)	3 (20)	15
		2.5	2.5	2.5
Obstructed labor	No	419 (84.14)	79 (15.86)	498
		87.29	65.83	83
	Yes	61 (59.8)	41 (40.2)	102
		12.71	34.17	17
Malpresentation	No	414 (82.47)	88 (17.53)	502
		86.25	73.33	83.67
	Yes	66 (67.35)	32 (32.65)	98
		13.75	26.67	16.33
PROM	No	421 (78.54)	115 (21.46)	536
		87.71	95.83	89.33
	Yes	59 (92.19)	5 (7.81)	64
		12.29	4.17	10.67
Length of labor	<24	398 (95.22)	20 (4.78)	418
		82.92	16.67	69.67
	≥24	82 (45.05)	100 (54.95)	182
		17.08	83.33	30.33
Uterine rupture	No	471 (83.66)	92 (16.34)	563
		98.13	76.67	93.83
	Yes	9 (24.32)	28 (75.68)	37
		1.88	23.33	6.17
Postpartum hemorrhage	No	475 (85.1)	83 (14.9)	558
		98.96	69.17	93
	Yes	5 (11.90)	37 (88.10)	42
		1.04	30.83	7
Puerperal sepsis	No	473 (82.12)	103 (17.88)	576
		98.54	85.8	96
	Yes	7 (29.17)	17 (70.83)	24
		1.45	14.2	4
Anemia	No	434 (83.46)	86 (16.54)	520
		90.42	71.67	86.67
	Yes	46 (57.5)	34 (42.5)	80
		9.58	28.33	13.33

Note:

a Data is presented as frequency (row %) column %.

Abbreviations: JUSH, Jimma University Specialized Hospital; PROM, premature rupture of membranes.

Figure 1 Trend of maternal deaths from 2010 to 2014 in JUSH.

Abbreviations: JUSH, Jimma University Specialized Hospital; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 2 Trends of causes of maternal death from 2010 to 2014 in JUSH.

Abbreviations: JUSH, Jimma University Specialized Hospital; PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Table 3 Causes of maternal death in JUSH

Statusa	Coefficient	Abadie-Imbens Robust Standard Errors	Z	P-value	95% CI
PIH	0.232	0.095	2.44	0.015	0.046, 0.419
Sepsis	0.129	0.104	1.25	0.211	−0.073, 0.332
Comorbidity	0.053	0.045	1.17	0.240	−0.035, 0.141
Hemorrhage	0.477	0.086	5.51	0.000	0.307, 0.647
Anemia	0.110	0.047	2.32	0.021	0.017, 0.204

Notes:

a Adjusted for all causes and predictor variables (treatment-independent variables) among cases and controls except excluded variables which did not meet the criteria of propensity score matching analysis. So it is assumed that the cases and controls have same distribution in confounders variables included in the model. To see PIH as a cause of death, all predictor variables and other causes of maternal death are included in the analysis.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; JUSH, Jimma University Specialized Hospital; PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension.