Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among high school students

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of participants

Characteristics	PMS group (n=86)	Non-PMS group (n=203)
Age (years)	16.5±1.0	16.4±1.1
BMI (kg/m^2)
Underweight	26 (30.2)	67 (33.0)
Normal	50 (58.1)	108 (53.2)
Overweight	6 (7.0)	15 (7.4)
Obese	4 (4.7)	13 (6.4)
Education
Grade 10	28 (32.6)	90 (44.3)
Grade 11	32 (37.2)	36 (17.7)
Grade 12	26 (30.2)	77 (37.9)
Exercise
Adequate (≥3 times/week)	32 (37.2)	67 (33.0)
Inadequate (<3 times/week)	54 (62.8)	136 (67.0)
Coffee consumption
Yes	29 (33.7)	66 (32.5)
No	57 (66.3)	137 (67.5)
Alcohol consumption
Yes	4 (4.7)	12 (5.9)
No	82 (95.3)	191 (94.1)
Cigarette smoking
Yes	0 (0)	0 (0)
No	86 (100.0)	203 (100.0)
Menstruation
Menarche (year)	12.3±1.1	12.3±1.1
Dysmenorrhea
Present	65 (75.6)	153 (75.4)
Absent	21 (24.4)	50 (24.6)

Note: Data are presented as numbers (percentage) or mean ± SD.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PMS, premenstrual syndrome.

Table 2 Prevalence of premenstrual somatic and affective symptoms of PMS (N=86)

Symptoms	Total prevalencea	Severity of symptomsb
		Mild	Moderate	Severe
Somatic
Breast tenderness	64 (74.4)	28 (43.7)	33 (51.6)	3 (4.7)
Headache	61 (70.9)	36 (59.0)	20 (32.8)	5 (8.2)
Abdominal bloating	40 (46.5)	21 (52.5)	17 (42.5)	2 (5.0)
Swelling extremities	18 (20.9)	13 (72.2)	5 (27.8)	0 (0.0)
Affective
Angry outbursts	84 (97.7)	28 (33.3)	50 (59.5)	6 (7.1)
Anxiety	63 (73.3)	42 (66.7)	21 (33.3)	0 (0.0)
Irritability	59 (68.6)	23 (39.0)	32 (54.2)	4 (6.8)
Depression	42 (48.8)	29 (69.0)	13 (31.0)	0 (0.0)
Confusion	37 (43.0)	34 (91.9)	3 (8.1)	0 (0.0)
Social withdrawal	31 (36.0)	20 (64.5)	11 (35.5)	0 (0.0)

Notes:

a ≥1 symptom/student.

b On the basis of self-rating by participants, these are classified according to three levels, as follows: mild (no limitation of daily activity), moderate (marked limitation of daily activity), and severe (unable to carry out daily activity without discomfort). Data are presented as number (%).

Abbreviation: PMS, premenstrual syndrome.

Table 3 Association of PMS with moderate-to-severe impairments affecting educational activities and interpersonal relationships

Factors	PMS group	Non-PMS group	P-value
Educational activities
Lack of concentration	40 (46.5)	69 (34.0)	0.045
Lack of motivation	42 (48.8)	57 (28.1)	0.001
Poor individual work performance	44 (48.8)	74 (36.5)	0.020
Poor collaborative work performance	33 (38.4)	45 (22.2)	0.005
Low scores	48 (55.8)	61 (30.0)	<0.001
Absenteeism	7 (8.1)	26 (12.8)	0.254
Difficulty in working and activities	9 (10.5)	22 (10.8)	0.925
Interpersonal relationship
Poor relationships with friends	6 (7.0)	23 (11.3)	0.260
Poor relationship with family	5 (5.8)	22 (10.8)	0.180
Social withdrawal	39 (45.3)	101 (49.8)	0.493

Note: Data are presented as number (%).

Abbreviation: PMS, premenstrual syndrome.