Psychological burden among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome in Oman: a case–control study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics among participants by study groups, Oman, 2017

Characteristics	Total (N=112), n (%)	Cases (n=52), n (%)	Controls (n=60), n (%)	p-value
Age (years)				0.33
≤25	17 (15.2)	10 (19.2)	7 (11.6)
26–34	65 (58.0)	31 (59.6)	34 (56.7)
≥35	30 (26.8)	11 (21.2)	19 (31.7)
Marital status				1.00
Single	6 (5.4)	3 (5.8)	3 (5.0)
Married	106 (94.6)	49 (94.2)	57 (95.0)
Education				0.21
School educated	51 (45.5)	27 (51.9)	24 (40.0)
University educated	61 (54.5)	25 (48.1)	36 (60.0)
Employment status				0.73
Employed	58 (51.8)	26 (50.0)	32 (53.3)
Unemployed	54 (48.2)	26 (50.0)	28 (46.7)
Monthly income (OMR)				0.31
<400	18 (16.1)	9 (17.3)	9 (15.0)
400–799	27 (24.1)	15 (28.8)	12 (20.0)
800–1,199	20 (17.8)	11 (21.2)	9 (15.0)
≥1,200	47 (42.0)	17 (32.7)	30 (50.0)
Irregular menses	46 (41.1)	37 (71.2)	9 (15.0)	0.001
Presence of hirsutism	49 (43.8)	40 (76.9)	9 (15.0)	0.001
Presence of acne	31 (27.7)	21 (40.4)	10 (16.7)	0.01
Number of pregnancies				0.003
0	28 (25.0)	20 (38.4)	8 (13.3)
1–4	69 (61.6)	29 (55.8)	40 (66.7)
≥5	15 (13.4)	3 (5.8)	12 (20.0)

Abbreviation: OMR, Omani Rials.

Table 2 Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among participants by study groups, Oman, 2017

Categories	Total (N=112)	Cases (n=52)	Controls (n=60)	p-value
Depression (n)	57	27	30	0.84
Prevalencea (95% CI)	50.9 (41.8, 60.0)	51.9 (38.7, 64.9)	50.0 (37.7, 62.3)
Anxiety (n)	71	35	36	0.42
Prevalence (95% CI)	63.4 (54.2, 71.7)	67.3 (53.7, 78.5)	60.0 (47.4, 71.4)
Stress (n)	56	29	27	0.26
Prevalence (95% CI)	50.0 (40.9, 59.1)	55.8 (42.3, 68.4)	45.0 (33.1, 57.5)

Note:

a Prevalence per 100 persons.

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

Table 3 Levels of severity of depression, anxiety and stress among participants by study groups, Oman, 2017

Characteristics	Total, n (%)	Cases, n (%)	Controls, n (%)	p-value
Depression (n)	57	27	30	0.53
Mild	16 (28.1)	9 (33.3)	7 (23.3)
Moderate	21 (36.8)	8 (29.6)	13 (43.3)
Severe	20 (35.1)	10 (37.1)	10 (33.4)
Anxiety (n)	71	35	36	0.24
Mild	10 (14.1)	5 (14.3)	5 (13.9)
Moderate	22 (31.0)	14 (40.0)	8 (22.2)
Severe	39 (54.9)	16 (45.7)	23 (63.9)
Stress (n)	56	29	27	0.75
Mild	18 (32.1)	9 (31.0)	9 (33.3)
Moderate	15 (26.8)	9 (31.0)	6 (22.2)
Severe	23 (41.1)	11 (38.0)	12 (44.5)

Table 4 Logistic regression analysis of depression, anxiety and stress for the study groups, Oman, 2017

Outcome	Crude	p-value	Adjusteda	p-value
	OR (95% CI)		OR (95% CI)
Depression		0.84		0.81
Controls	1.0		1.0
Cases	1.08 (0.51, 2.27)		1.10 (0.50, 2.43)
Anxiety		0.42		0.84
Controls	1.0		1.0
Cases	1.37 (0.63, 2.98)		1.09 (0.47, 2.52)
Stress		0.26		0.34
Controls	1.0		1.0
Cases	1.54 (0.73, 3.25)		1.45 (0.68, 3.12)

Note:

a Adjusted for age and education.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.