Exploring the effectiveness of crisis counseling and psychoeducation in relation to improving mental well-being, quality of life and treatment compliance of breast cancer patients in Qatar

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of patients studied (N=201)

Variable	n (%)
Age group (years)
30–39	22 (11.0%)
40–49	114 (57.0%)
50+	65 (32.5%)
Nationality
Qatari	20 (10%)
Non-Qatari	181 (90.5%)
Marital status
Single	8 (4.0%)
Married	172 (86.0%)
Divorced	16 (8.0%)
Widowed	5 (2.5%)
Length of marriage (years)
<5	64 (32.0%)
5–14	67 (33.5%)
15–24	51 (25.5%)
25+	19 (9.5%)
Number of children
1	33 (16.5%)
2	98 (49.0%)
Other	70 (35%)
Education
Illiterate	2 (1.0%)
Primary	19 (9.5%)
Intermediate	64 (32.0%)
Secondary	98 (49.0%)
University	18 (9.0%)
Occupation
Not working	124 (62.0%)
Working	77 (38.0%)
Family income (Qatari Riyals)
<5,000	18 (9.0%)
5,000–9,999	31 (15.5%)
10,000–14,999	63 (31.5%)
>15,000	89 (44.0%)

Table 2 Association between participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and presence of depression, anxiety and stress

Variable	Depression	Anxiety	Stress	>1 psychological difficulty	p-value
	n (%) (N=4)	n (%) (N=13)	n (%) (N=4)	n (%) (N=133)
Age group (years)					*p<0.001
30–39	1 (25.0%)	6 (46.0%)	1 (25.0%)	5 (4.0%)
40–49	2 (50.0%)	4 (30.0%)	3 (75.0%)	80 (60.0%)
50+	1 (25.0%)	3 (23.0%)	0 (0.0%)	48 (36.0%)
Nationality					p=0.139
Qatari	1 (25%)	3 (23.0%)	1 (25.0%)	10 (7.0%)
Non-Qatari	3 (75%)	10 (77.0%)	3 (75.0%)	123 (93.0%)
Marital status					*p<0.001
Single	1 (25.0%)	1 (8.0%)	1 (25.0%)	3 (2.0%)
Married	2 (50.0%)	7 (54%)	2 (50.0%)	125 (94.0%)
Divorced	1 (25.0%)	4 (31%)	1 (25.0%)	3 (2.5%)
Widowed	0 (0.0%)	1 (7.0%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (1.5%)
Length of marriage (years)					p=0.468
<5	2 (50.0%)	6 (46.0%)	1 (25.0%)	37 (28%)
5–14	2 (50.0%)	6 (46.0%)	1 (25.0%)	48 (36%)
15–24	0 (0.0%)	1 (8.0%)	1 (25.0%)	38 (28.5%)
25+	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (25.0%)	10 (7.5%)
Number of children					p=0.629
1	0 (0.0%)	2 (15.0%)	0 (0.0%)	20 (15%)
2	2 (50.0%)	5 (39.0%)	2 (50.0%)	76 (57%)
Other	2 (50.0%)	6 (46.0%)	2 (50.0%)	37 (28%)
Education					p=0.0625
Illiterate	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (1%)
Primary	0 (0.0%)	2 (15.0%)	0 (0.0%)	4 (3%)
Intermediate	0 (0.0%)	2 (15.0%)	1 (25.0%)	39 (29%)
Secondary	2 (50.0%)	4 (31.0%)	2 (50.0%)	76 (57%)
University	2 (50.0%)	5 (39.0%)	1 (25.0%)	13 (10%)
Occupation					p=0.708
Not working	2 (50.0%)	7 (54.0%)	3 (75.0%)	79 (59.0%)
Working	2 (50.0%)	6 (46.0%)	1 (25.0%)	54 (41.0%)
Family income (Qatari Riyals)					p=0.836
<5,000	1 (25.0%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (25.0%)	11 (8.0%)
5,000–9,999	1 (25.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	23 (17.0%)
10,000–14,999	1 (25.0%)	2 (50.0%)	2 (50.0%)	41 (31.0%)
>15,000	1 (25.0%)	2 (50.0%)	1 (25.0%)	58 (44.0%)

Notes: >1 psychological difficulty: experiencing more than one emotional difficulty such as depression and stress or depression, anxiety and stress, and so on. Chi-squared test for trend.

* Statistically significant at p<0.05.

Figure 1 Control group mean score differences between pre- and posttest.

Abbreviations: DASS-21, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, 21 item version; GHS, global health status; QLQ-C30, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life scale.

Figure 2 Crisis counseling group mean score differences between pre- and posttest.

Abbreviations: DASS-21, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, 21 item version; GHS, global health status; QLQ-C30, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life scale.

Figure 3 Psychoeducation group mean score differences between pre- and posttest.

Abbreviations: DASS-21, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, 21 item version; GHS, global health status; QLQ-C30, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life scale.

Figure 4 Post hoc analysis of the posttest scores of the three study groups.

Abbreviations: DASS-21, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, 21 item version; GHS, global health status; QLQ-C30, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life scale.

Figure 5 Follow-up results of DASS-21 and QLQ-C30 of the three study groups at 18 months.

Abbreviations: DASS-21, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, 21 item version; GHS, global health status; QLQ-C30, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life scale.

Figure 6 Treatment compliance of all patients over the study period.