Adapted tool for the assessment of domestic violence against women in a low-income country setting: a reliability analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Illustration of participant recruitment process.

Table 1 Adapted tool to measure domestic violence against women in a low-income country setting

	Items	Outcome
Women’s decision-making autonomy on household matters (WDMAQ) (1 – husband, 2 – wife, and 3 – joint)
WDMAQ1	Who is the head of the household?
WDMAQ2	Who should decide on the household matters in your family?
WDMAQ3	Who makes large household purchases?
WDMAQ4	Who makes small daily household purchases?
WDMAQ5	Who is the decision maker when you want to visit family, friends, or relatives?
WDMAQ6	Who is the decision maker on contraceptive to have planned family service?
WDMAQ7	Who is the decision maker on antenatal care service utilization?
WDMAQ8	Who is the decision maker on vaccination service utilization?
WDMAQ9	Do you discuss about family planning with your husband?
WDMAQ10	Who in your family makes decisions about health care for yourself?
WDMAQ11	Do you have an autonomy to decide by yourself and go to health care facility to seek care for you and your children?
WDMAQ12	Who is the decision maker to seek health care when one of family member get sick?
WDMAQ13	Who is the decision maker if you want to attend workshop?
Measures for gender inequity norms index assessment (GINQ) (yes/no)
GINQ1	Is it fine for men to have more than one (sexual) partner?
GINQ2	Is it a woman’s duty to have sex with her spouse/partner even if she does not want to have?
GINQ3	Is it more important for a woman to respect her spouse/partner than it is for a man to respect his spouse/partner?
GINQ4	May a man beat his spouse/partner if she disobeys him?
GINQ5	Can a man beat his spouse/partner if he believes she is having sex with another man?
GINQ6	Is it more important for a boy to get an education than a girl?
Psychological intimate partner violence assessment scale (PsIPVQ)
PsIPVQ1	Is/was he jealous or angry if you (talk/talked) to other men?
PsIPVQ2	Has he (insists/insisted) on knowing where you (are/were) at all time?
PsIPVQ3	Have you ever been insulted by your husband using abusive language that made you feel bad about yourself?
PsIPVQ4	Have you ever been threatened by your husband with an object such as a stick, belt, knife, gun, or other type of weapon, etc?
PsIPVQ5	Have you ever been created financial hardship/not trust you by your husband to making money available to you?
PsIPVQ6	Have you ever been frightened your husband by looking angrily at you?
PsIPVQ7	Have you ever expressed suspicion/accused him that he is unfaithful to you?
PsIPVQ8	Have you ever been ignored or shown indifference by your husband?
PsIPVQ9	Have you ever been deprived from privileges in the family by your husband?
PsIPVQ10	Have you ever been denied by your husband on your basic personal needs?
PsIPVQ11	Have you ever been intentionally not involved by your husband on decision-making in the family?
PsIPVQ12	Has he belittled or humiliated you in front of other people?
PsIPVQ13 PsIPVQ14	Has he done things to scare or intimidate you on purpose? Have you ever been restricted by your husband from going to your parent’s home or other places like friends’/relatives’ house, places of worship, etc?
Physical intimate partner violence assessment scale (PhIPVQ)
PhIPVQ1	Has he pushed or shoved you, shaken you, or thrown something at you?
PhIPVQ2	Has he punched or hit you with his fist, or twisted your arm or with something that could hurt you?
PhIPVQ3	Has he slapped, kicked, dragged, or beaten you?
PhIPVQ4	Has he attacked you with a knife, gun, or other type of weapon?
PhIPVQ5	Have you ever been scalded or burnt purposefully by your husband?
PhIPVQ6	Has he choked at you that may disgracing you?
Sexual intimate partner violence assessment scale (SIPVQ)
SIPVQ1	Have you ever been physically forced by your husband to have sex when you did not want to?
SIPVQ2	Have you ever been intentionally denied or avoided sex by your husband?
SIPVQ3	Did you ever have sexual intercourse when you didn’t want because you were afraid of what he might do?
SIPVQ4	Has he forced you to do something sexual that you found degrading or humiliating?
Husbands can beat their wives if they have justifiable reasons (JWBQ)
JWBQ1	If wife goes out without informing her husband?
JWBQ2	If wife neglects the children?
JWBQ3	If wife argues with her husband?
JWBQ4	If wife burns the food?
JWBQ5	If wife refuses to have sex with him?

Table 2 Sociodemographic characteristics of women, Northwestern Ethiopia, December, 2017 (n=1,217)

Variables	n	%
Mean age of women (years)	30.0 (±7.1)
Age of women (years)
≤29	604	49.6
≧30	613	50.4
Relationship status
Formally married	1,202	98.8
Cohabitating	15	1.2
Residence of women
Rural	639	52.5
Urban	578	47.5
Marital duration of women (years)
<10	665	54.6
>10	552	45.4
Educational status of women
Illiterate	621	51.0
Able to read and write	152	12.5
1–6 grades	168	13.8
7–12 grades	216	17.7
12+	60	4.9
Occupational status of women
Housewife/farmer	1,037	85.2
Trade/business	125	10.3
Employee (government/NGOs)	55	4.5
Pregnancy last 12 months (1,160)
Yes	287	24.7
No	873	75.3
Number of children alive
0	201	16.5
≦2	460	37.8
>2	556	45.7
Age of husband (years)	37.3 (±9.3)
Age of husband (years)
≤36	637	52.9
>36	568	47.1
Educational status of husband
Illiterate	303	24.9
Able to read and write	379	31.1
1–6 grades	222	18.2
7–12 grades	227	18.7
12+	86	7.1
Occupational status of husband
Trade/business	617	50.7
Farmer	489	40.2
Employee (government/NGOs)	111	9.1
Do you know your husband earnings
Yes	321	26.4
No	896	73.6
Husbands’ substance use (mainly alcohol)
Yes	913	75.0
No	304	25.0

Abbreviation: NGO, nongovernmental organization.

Table 3 Item characteristics, item-total correlation, and alpha if item-deleted of the different types of domestic violence against women (VAW) assessment items (n=1,217)

Availability of data and materials

The data that support the findings are available upon submitting a reasonable request to the corresponding author.