25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and its relation to muscle strength, maximal oxygen consumption, and body mass index in young and middle adulthood women

Figures & data

Figure 1 25OHD status in young adulthood (n=97) and middle adulthood women (n=85).

Note: Subjects were divided into a 25OHD sufficient or normal group (≥30 ng/mL) and an insufficient group (≤29 ng/mL).
Abbreviation: 25OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

Table 1 Characteristics of study population

Variables	Mean ± SD
	Young adulthood women (97)	Middle adulthood women (85)	Overall (182)
Age (years)	32.08±4.94	53.94±3.32	42.29±11.73
Height (cm)	157.93±5.84	158.39±5.05	158.15±5.47
Weight (kg)	61.19±5.24	75.59±8.18	67.92±9.87
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.93±4.33	29.17±3.78	26.91±4.59
25OHD (ng/mL)	43.71±18.42	32.51±12.73	38.48±16.93
VO2max (mL/kg/min)	34.95±7.00	24.23±3.82	29.94±7.84
Chest press (kg)	31.16±3.61	23.46±4.32	27.56±5.51
Leg press (kg)	68.56±12.10	44.74±8.40	57.43±15.89
HGDH (kg)	30.52±3.04	24.02±3.54	27.49±4.61
HGNDH (kg)	25.50±3.11	21.04±3.65	23.42±4.03

Abbreviations: 25OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI, body mass index; HGDH, hand grip dominant hand; HGNDH, hand grip nondominant hand; VO₂max, maximal oxygen consumption.

Table 2 Associations between BMI, VO₂max, chest press, leg press, HGDH, and HGNDH and 25OHD

Variables	Young adulthood women (97)		Middle adulthood women (85)		Overall (182)
	r	P	r	P	r	P
BMI (kg/m^2)	−0.48	<0.001a	−0.27	0.01a	−0.50	<0.001a
VO2max (mL/kg/min)	0.69	<0.001a	0.57	<0.001a	0.64	<0.001a
Chest press (kg)	0.58	<0.001a	0.73	<0.001a	0.64	<0.001a
Leg press (kg)	0.59	<0.001a	0.34	0.001a	0.56	<0.001a
HGDH (kg)	0.65	<0.001a	0.66	<0.001a	0.65	<0.001a
HGNDH (kg)	0.42	<0.001a	0.55	<0.001a	0.54	<0.001a

Note:

a Significance at the ≤0.05 level.

Abbreviations: 25OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI, body mass index; HGDH, hand grip dominant hand; HGNDH, hand grip nondominant hand; VO₂max, maximal oxygen consumption.

Table 3 Multiple linear regression analysis with levels of 25OHD as the dependent variable

Variable	Young adulthood women (97)				Middle adulthood women (85)				Overall (182)
	B	β	P	R^2	B	β	P	R^2	B	β	P	R^2
BMI (kg/m^2)	–0.457	–0.170	0.004	0.751	–	–	–	0.719	–0.396	–0.163	0.011	0.540
VO2max (mL/kg/min)	0.843	0.394	<0.001		0.803	0.352	<0.001		0.531	0.318	<0.001
Chest press (kg)	1.245	0.304	<0.001		0.577	0.318	<0.001		0.362	0.177	0.027
Leg press (kg)	–	–	–		–	–	–		–	–	–
HGDH (kg)	1.673	0.355	<0.001		0.943	0.405	<0.001		0.533	0.214	0.007
HGNDH (kg)	–	–	–		–	–	–		–	–	–

Abbreviations: 25OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; B, unstandardized regression coefficient; BMI, body mass index; β, standardized regression coefficient; HGDH, hand grip dominant hand; HGNDH, hand grip nondominant hand; VO₂max, maximal oxygen consumption.