Predictors of cervical cancer being at an advanced stage at diagnosis in Sudan

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of 197 women diagnosed with cervical cancer and having data held in the Radiation and Isotopes Centre in Khartoum, Sudan, in 2007

Characteristics	n (%)
Age (years)
≤54	73 (37.1)
≥55	124 (62.9)
Marital status
Single	60 (30.5)
Married	137 (69.5)
Ethnicity
African	103 (52.3)
Arabic	94 (47.7)
Education level
Basic school	122 (61.9)
Secondary school	75 (38.1)
Geographical area
Urban	90 (45.7)
Rural	107 (54.3)
Health insurance
Covered	53 (26.9)
Not covered	144 (73.1)
Tumor morphology
Squamous cell carcinoma	145 (73.6)
Adenocarcinoma	52 (26.4)
Disease stage at diagnosis (FIGO)
Stage I	17 (8.7)
Stage II	39 (19.8)
Stage III	27 (13.7)
Stage IV	114 (57.9)

Abbreviation: FIGO, Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d’Obstétrique.

Table 2 Distribution of predictors and stages of cervical cancer at diagnosis in 197 Sudanese women

Predictor	Early stages (I and II) n = 56 (28.4%)	Advanced stages (III and IV) n = 141 (71.5%)	P value
Age (years)
≤54	22 (11.1%)	51 (25.9%)	0.8
≥55	34 (17.3%)	90 (46.7%)
Marital status
Single	16 (8.1%)	44 (22.3%)	0.7
Married	40 (20.3%)	97 (49.2%)
Educational level
Primary school	34 (17.3%)	88 (44.6%)	0.8
Secondary school	22 (11.2%)	53 (26.9%)
Ethnicity
Arabic	38 (19.3%)	56 (28.4%)	0.003
African	18 (19.3%)	85 (43.1%)
Geographical area
Urban	38 (19.3%)	52 (26.4%)	0.001
Rural	18 (19.3%)	89 (45.1%)
Health insurance
Insured	32 (16.2%)	21 (10.7%)	0.0001
Not insured	24 (12.2%)	120 (60.9%)

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of predictors of cervical cancer staging at diagnosis

Predictor	Early stages (I and II)	Advanced stages (III and IV)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
Age ≥ 55 years	34 (17.3%)	90 (46.7%)	1.1 (0.60–2.15)	1.03 (1.01–1.05)	0.8
Married	40 (20.3%)	97 (49.2%)	0.8 (0.44–1.74)	0.8 (0.43–1.45)	0.7
Primary school	34 (35.1%)	88 (44.7%)	0.9 (0.49–1.75)	0.7 (0.43–1.32)	0.9
African ethnicity	18 (19.3%)	85 (43.1%)	3.2 (1.66–6.16)	1.76 (1.01–3.05)	0.003
Rural area	18 (19.3%)	89 (45.1%)	3.7 (2.54–9.31)	1.13 (1.78–5.50)	0.001
No health insurance coverage	24 (12.2%)	120 (60.9%)	8.6 (4.55–16.24)	7.7 (3.76–15.38)	<0.0001

Notes: Reference groups: Age ≤ 55 years, single, secondary school, Arabic ethnicity, urban area, have health insurance coverage.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.