Prevalence and risk factors for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among women infected with HIV-1 in Makurdi, Nigeria

Figures & data

Table 1 Key sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for squamous intraepithelial lesions in 253 women in Makurdi, Nigeria, infected with HIV-1a

Characteristic	Value
Age (years)	34.2 (±6.4)
Parity	2 (±2)
Educational status
None	69 (27.3)
Primary	19 (7.5)
Secondary	107 (42.3)
Tertiary	58 (22.9)
Married	134 (53.0)
Previous sexually transmitted infection	107 (42.3)
Tobacco smoking	28 (11.0)
Number of lifetime sexual partners	5 (±4)
Use of HAART	104 (41.1)
CD4 count, cells/mm^3
≤200	125 (49.4)*
201–499	105 (41.5)
≥500	23 (9.1)
HIV-1 RNA, copies/mL
≥400	205 (81.0)
≤400	48 (19.0)
Cervical cytology
Normal	107 (42.2)
ASCUS	101 (39.9)
LSIL	16 (6.3)
HSIL	29 (11.5)

Notes:

a Values are given as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage);

* 21 naive women were having CD4 estimation for the first time.

Abbreviations: ASCUS, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; LSIL, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; HSIL, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Table 2 Demographic characteristics and selected risk factors for HIV-1 infected women with and without squamous intraepithelial lesions in Makurdi, Nigeriaa (n = 253)

Characteristic	SIL (n = 45)b	No SIL (n = 208)c	P value
Age, years	36 ± 7	33 ± 5	0.009
Parity	2 ± 7	2 ± 3	0.34
Lifetime sexual partners	5 ± 4	5 ± 3	0.84
Mean duration on HAART (months)	17 ± 6	15 ± 6	0.32
Tobacco smoking, %	9.3	7.1	0.47
Previous sexually transmitted infection, %	41.7	36.5	0.43
Median CD4 count, cell/mm^3	132	184	0.03
Median HIV-1 RNA, copies/mL	102,705	64,391	0.002

Notes:

a Values are given as the mean ± standard deviation, percentage, or median, unless otherwise indicated;

b SIL group consists of those with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (n = 16) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (n = 29);

c no SIL group consists of those with normal smears (n = 107) and those with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (n = 101).

Abbreviations: HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; SIL, squamous intraepithelial lesions; HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for cervical SIL among HIV-1 infected women in Makurdi, Nigeria

	Variable all SIL			Low-grade SIL			High-grade SIL
	AOR 95%	CI	P value	AOR 95%	CI	P value	AOR 95%	CI	P value
Age > 35 years	1.29	0.68–2.34	0.35	1.29	0.68–2.34	0.35	1.02	0.63–2.17	0.79
CD4 count < 200 cells/mm^3	3.64	1.40–5.17	0.04	3.63	1.39–5.16	0.05	4.95	2.16–7.83	0.002
HIV-1 RNA > 10000 copies/mL	2.58	1.08–3.87	0.03	2.58	1.08–3.87	0.03	3.67	1.73–6.39	<0.001

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1; SIL, squamous intraepithelial lesions.