The Role Of Progestogens In Threatened And Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriage

Figures & data

Table 1 Causes Of Miscarriage

Categories	Features
Abnormal embryo	Structural anomalies incompatible with life
	Chromosomal abnormalities: trisomy, polyploidy, monosomy X, structural abnormalities of individual chromosomes
Hostile maternal environment	Uterine abnormalities: congenital anomalies, adhesions, leiomyoma
	Infection: bacterial vaginosis, toxoplasmosis, listeriosis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, rubella
	Chronic maternal disease: poorly controlled diabetes, celiac disease
	Immune dysfunction: antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and thyroid autoimmunity
	Endocrine: absence of proper progesterone concentration, thyroid hormone levels

Note: Data from Larsen et al², Griebel et al³ and Zhang et al.⁴

Table 2 Progestogens Currently Available For The Treatment Of Threatened (TM) And Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriage (RM) In Saudi Arabia

Generic Name	Trade Name	Unit Strength	Route Of Administration	Indicated For TM And RM
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate	Proluton Depot	250/500 mg/mL	Intramuscular injection	Yes
Dydrogesterone	Duphaston	10 mg	Oral tablet	Yes
Progesterone	Cyclogest	200/400 mg	Vaginal pessaries	No
Progesterone	Endometrin	100 mg	Vaginal tablet	No

Larsen EC, Christiansen OB, Kolte AM, Macklon N. New insights into mechanisms behind miscarriage. BMC Med. 2013;11:154. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-15423803387

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Griebel CP, Halvorsen J, Golemon TB, Day AA. Management of spontaneous abortion. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(7):1243–1250.16225027

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Zhang HX, Qin YZ, Liu WH, Hao R. Hypothyroidism and first-trimester spontaneous miscarriages. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2014;41(2):182–185.24779248

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