Factors Associated with Timely Antenatal Care Booking Among Pregnant Women in Remote Area of Bule Hora District, Southern Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Women, Bule Hora District 2019

Characteristics	Category	Number	Percentage
Age in years	15–24	153	40.6
	25–34	206	54.6
	35–49	18	4.8
Residence	Urban	213	56.5
	Rural	164	43.5
Marital status	Single	18	4.8
	Married	359	95.2
Religion	Orthodox	81	21.5
	Muslim	88	23.3
	Protestant	181	48.0
	Catholic	27	7.2
Ethnicity	Oromo	241	63.9
	Amhara	38	10.1
	Tigre	15	4.0
	Burji	61	16.2
	Others*1	22	5.8
Women education	Cannot read and write	115	30.5
	Primary(1–8)grade	160	42.4
	Secondary and above	102	27.1
Women occupation	Government employed	59	15.6
	Private employed	24	6.4
	Merchant	87	23.1
	Daily laborer	46	12.2
	House wife	161	42.7
Husband’s occupation	Government employed	147	40.9
	Private employed	30	8.4
	Merchant	66	18.4
	Daily laborer	23	6.4
	Farmer	79	22.0
	Others*2	14	3.9
Husband’s education	Cannot read and write	51	14.2
	Primary (1–8)	155	43.2
	Secondary (9–12) and above	153	42.6
Family monthly income	Less than 500 ETB	105	27.9
	500–1000 ETB	116	30.8
	Greater than 1000 ETB	156	41.4

Notes: *1=Guraghe (12), Gedeo (5) and Wolayita (5).*2=Student (9) and Driver (5).

Abbreviations: Single, stands for [single (who did not marry), divorced and widowed]; ETB, Ethiopian birr; 1ETB, 0.029 U.S dollars.

Table 2 Knowledge, Obstetric History, Husband Involvement and Experience of Service Utilization of Respondents, Bule Hora District, 2019

Variables		Number	Percentage
Knowledge on ANC service	Good knowledge	279	74.0
	Poor knowledge	98	26.0
Number of parity	Zero/Nulliparous	70	18.6
	One and above	307	81.4
Number of children alive now	0–2 children	201	65.5
	>2 children	106	34.5
Last pregnancy outcome	Still birth	41	13.4
	Abortion	48	15.6
	Alive birth	218	71.0
Last pregnancy complication	Yes	104	33.9
	No	203	66.1
ANC visit for last pregnancy	Yes	160	52.1
	No	147	47.9
Advised when to start ANC for this pregnancy	Yes	170	84.2
	No	32	15.8
Month of first ANC started for the current pregnancy	Before 4 month	218	57.8
	At 4month and above	159	42.2
Ever attended ANC	Yes	241	63.9
	No	136	36.1
Planned pregnancy	Yes	342	90.7
	No	35	9.3
Pregnancy plan included husband	Yes	289	84.5
	No	53	15.5
Pregnancy approved by spouse or significant others	Yes	340	90.2
	No	37	9.8
Wanted pregnancy	Yes	361	95.8
	No	16	4.2
Means of checking the current pregnancy	By missed period	217	57.6
	By urine test	160	42.4
Advised before starting first ANC visit	Yes	297	78.8
	No	80	21.2
	No	301	79.8
Complication makes to start ANC visit	Yes	69	90.8
	No	7	9.2
Distance traveled to get ANC service in hour	Less than 30 min	202	53.6
	30 min–1 hour	92	24.4
	More than 1 hour	83	22.0
Waiting time hinders ANC service utilization	Yes	46	12.2
	No	331	87.8

Figure 1 The percentage of respondents booked first ANC from 3rd to 9th month of pregnancy, Bule Hora district, 2019. Showing the percentage of pregnant women initiated first ANC. Large proportion of them had initiated during their fourth month of pregnancy.

Table 3 Factors Associated with ANC Booking Among Pregnant Women Attending ANC, Bule Hora District, 2019

Characteristics	First ANC Booking		COR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)
	Early Booking	Late Booking
Age of respondents
15–24  25–34  35–49	92 (60.1) 118 (57.3) 8 (44.4)	61 (39.9) 88 (42.7) 10 (55.6)	1 0.89 (0.6, 1.4) 0.53 (0.20,1.42)	1 1.09 (0.29,4.01) 1.14 (0.44,5.42)
Residence of women
Urban  Rural	145 (66.5) 73 (33.5)	68 (42.8) 91 (57.2)	2.66 (1.7,4.1) 1	1.19 (0.57,2.46) 1
Women education
Can’t read and write  Primary(1-8)  Secondary and above	51 (44.3) 90 (56.3) 77 (75.5)	64 (55.7) 70 (43.8) 25 (24.5)	1 1.6 (0.99,2.61) 3.8 (2.16,6.92)	1 0.9 (0.39,2.22) 1.08 (0.5,2.3)
Women occupation
Government employed  Private employed  Merchant  Daily laborer  House wife	41 (69.5) 17 (70.8) 60 (69.0) 25 (54.3) 75 (46.6)	18 (30.5) 7 (29.2) 27 (31.0) 21 (45.7) 86 (53.4)	2.6 (1.4,4.9) 2.8 (1.1,7.1) 2.5 (1.5,4.4) 1.4 (0.7,2.6) 1	0.9 (0.4,1.9) 0.9 (0.3,2.7) 1.8 (0.9,3.5) 1.6 (0.7,3.6) 1
Husband education
Can’t read and write  Primary(1-8)  Secondary and above	24 (42.1) 78 (48.4) 116 (73.0)	33 (57.9) 83 (51.6) 43 (27.0)	1 1.29 (0.7,2.4) 3.7 (1.97,6.97)	1.1 (0.57,2.1) 2.5 (1.2, 4.9)*
Husband occupation
Government employed  Private employed  Merchant  Daily laborer  Farmer  Others	101 (66.4) 19 (59.4) 45 (65.2) 10 (38.5) 36 (43.9) 7 (43.8)	51 (33.6) 13 (40.6) 24 (34.8) 16 (61.5) 46 (56.1) 9 (56.3)	1 1.73 (0.46,6.50) 0.52 (0.28,0.97) 0.17 (0.07,0.42) 0.23 (0.13,0.43) 0.43 (0.18,1.05)	1 3.19 (0.35,16.4) 0.64 (0.23,1.75) 0.18 (0.04,0.77)* 0.34 (0.10,1.14) 0.30 (0.07,1.20)
Knowledge on ANC
Good knowledge  Poor knowledge	177 (81.2) 41 (18.8)	102 (64.2) 57 (35.8)	2.4 (1.5,3.9) 1	1.99 (1.2,3.3)* 1
Ever attended ANC
Yes  No	151 (62.7)  67 (49.3)	90 (37.3)  69 (50.7)	1.73 (1.13,2.64)  1	1.3 (0.77,2.07)  1
planned pregnancy
Yes  No	205 (94)  13 (6)	137 (86.2)  22 (13.8)	2.5 (1.2,5.2)  1	1.6 (0.7,3.6)  1
Pregnancy approved by spouse
Yes  No	201 (92.2) 17 (7.8)	139 (87.4) 20 (12.6)	1.7 (0.86,3.36) 1	1 (0.41,2.56) 1
Means of checking current pregnancy
By missed period  By urine test	110 (50.5) 108 (49.5)	107 (67.3) 52 (32.7)	1 2.02 (1.3,3.1)	1 1.8 (1.1,2.8)*
Got advice before starting early ANC visit
Yes  No	187 (85.8) 31 (14.2)	110 (69.2) 49 (30.8)	2.7 (1.6,4.5) 1	2.1 (1.2,3.6)* 1
Distance travelled
Less than 30min  30min-1hour  More than 1hour	132 (60.6) 51 (23.4) 35 (16.1)	70 (44) 41 (25.8) 48 (30.2)	2.6 (1.5,4.4) 1.7 (0.9,3.1) 1	1.7 (0.9,3.2) 1.4 (0.75,2.73) 1
Need husband approval
Yes  No	206 (94.5) 12 (5.5)	144 (90.6) 15 (9.4)	1.8 (0.8,3.9) 1	0.9 (0.34,2.19) 1

Note: *Shows statistically significant association at P<0.05.