Survival Time to Modern Contraceptive Uses from the Resumption of Sexual Intercourse Among Postpartum Women in Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart showing how the weighted sample used in the study was derived.

Table 1 Profile of Respondents by Frequency and Weighted Percentage (n=1178)

Variables	Category	Frequency	Weighted Percent (Wt. %)
Age of respondents (years)	15–19	61	5.2
	20–29	703	59.7
	30–39	354	30.1
	40–49	60	5.1
Residence	Urban	435	36.9
	Rural	743	63.1
Educational status	No Education	441	37.4
	Primary	463	39.3
	Secondary	161	13.7
	Higher	113	9.6
Wealth index	Poorest	136	11.5
	Poorer	174	14.8
	Middle	180	15.3
	Richer	200	17.0
	Richest	488	41.4
Occupation	Un Employed	606	51.4
	Agricultural	225	19.1
	Non- agricultural	347	29.5
Place of delivery	Home	425	36.1
	Health Institution	753	63.9
Mode of delivery	Vaginal	1096	93.0
	Cesarean Section	82	7.0
Type of birth	Single	1161	98.6
	Multiple	17	1.4
Sex of the child	Male	634	53.8
	Female	544	46.2
Parity	One	357	30.3
	2–4	571	48.5
	>4	250	21.2
Currently breast feeding	No	257	21.8
	Yes	921	78.2
Access to media	No	525	44.6
	Yes	653	55.4

Table 2 Illustration of Kaplan–Meier Survival Estimate on Time to Modern Contraceptives Uses from the Resumption of Sexual Intercourse Among Postpartum Women in Ethiopia (n=1178)

Time (in Months)	Number at Risk	Modern Contraceptive User at Each Month	Censored	Estimated Proportion of Modern Contraceptive User	Estimated Proportion of Surviving	Estimated Cumulative Survival
0	1178	134	3	0.114	0.886	0.886
1	1041	122	2	0.117	0.883	0.782
2	917	129	2	0.141	0.859	0.672
3	786	128	1	0.163	0.837	0.563
4	657	117	1	0.178	0.822	0.463
5	539	123	2	0.228	0.772	0.357
6	414	91	3	0.220	0.780	0.279
7	320	87	3	0.272	0.728	0.203
8	230	70	2	0.304	0.696	0.141
9	158	71	2	0.449	0.551	0.078
10	85	58	0	0.682	0.318	0.025
11	27	24	2	0.889	0.111	0.003
12	1	1	0	1.000	0.000	0.000

Table 3 Multivariate Cox-Regression Analysis Showed Predictors of Time to Modern Contraceptives Use from the Resumption of Sexual Intercourse Among Postpartum Women in Ethiopia (n=1178)

Variables	Category	Unadjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI)
Age of respondents (years)	15–19	Ref	Ref
	20–29	0.73(0.51–1.05)	0.93(0.69–1.23)
	30–39	0.74(0.56–0.96)	1.003(0.72–1.38)
	40–49	0.75(0.56–0.98)	0.93 (0.60–1.43)
Residence	Urban	1.02(0.90–1.15)	1.29(1.04–1.61)**
	Rural	Ref	Ref
Educational status	No Education	Ref	Ref
	Primary	1.93(0.82–2.10)	1.26(1.09–1.47)**
	Secondary	0.95(0.78 −1.13)	1.15(0.92–1.45)
	Higher	0.89(0.72–1.10	1.22(0.91–1.61)
Wealth index	Poorest	Ref	Ref
	Poorer	0.95(0.76–1.19)	0.75(0.60–1.35)
	Middle	0.91(0.73–1.14)	1.25(0.59–1.54)
	Richer	1.08(0.87–1.33)	0.77(0.55–1.21)
	Richest	0.94(0.77–1.13)	0.92(0.70–1.20)
Occupation	Un Employed	Ref	Ref
	Agricultural	1.13(0.96–1.31)	1.13(0.95–1.32)
	Non-agricultural	1.01(0.87–1.14)	0.86(0.74–1.29)
Place of delivery	Home	Ref	Ref
	Health Institution	1.04(0.92–1.16)	1.13(0.97–1.31)
Mode of delivery	Vaginal	Ref	Ref
	Cesarean Section	0.94(0.74–1.19)	1.15(0.89–1.47)
Type of birth	Single	Ref	Ref
	Multiple	1.48(0.92–2.38)	1.06(0.65–1.74)
Sex of the child	Male	Ref	Ref
	Female	1.05(0.94–1.18)	0.91(0.80–1.02)
Parity	One	0.90(0.76–1.06)	1.01(0.86–1.17)
	2–4	0.87(0.75–1.02)	0.97(0.76–1.25)
	>4	Ref	Ref
Currently breast feeding	No	Ref	Ref
	Yes	0.74(0.91–1.20)	0.83(0.74–0.95)**
Access to media	No	Ref	Ref
	Yes	1.25(0.85–1.60)	1.19(1.02–1.38)**

Notes: Double asterisk (**) shows a statistically significant association. Model fitness: Hat-statistic = 0.772, p=0.00; Hat-square = 0.034, p= 0.612

Abbreviation: Ref, reference category.