Association Between Exposure to Mass Media Family Planning Messages and Utilization of Modern Contraceptive Among Urban and Rural Youth Women in Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart showing how the weighted sample used in the study was derived.

Table 1 Profile of Respondents About the Utilization of Modern Contraceptives Among Rural Youths Women in Ethiopia (n=4061)

Variables	Category	Rural		Chi-Square P value
		Not Used Modern Contraceptives	Used Modern Contraceptives
		n (wt. %)	n (wt. %)
Age	15–19	2109(60.2)	143(27.6)	<0.001
	20–24	1411(39.8)	398(72.4)
Religion	Orthodox	1039(34.7)	287(54.2)	<0.001
	Catholic	24(1.0)	5(1.4)
	Protestant	707(25.3)	127(24.4)
	Muslim	1712(37.3)	119(19.3)
	Other	38(1.9)	3(0.6)
Marital status	Single	1922(60.5)	23(3.7)	<0.001
	Married	1409(33.6)	481(88.9)
	Separated/divorced	189(5.9)	37(7.4)
Women education	No education	1108(24.2)	138(29.0)	0.052
	Primary	1852(60.7)	300(55.3)
	Secondary	494(13.6)	81(12.4)
	Higher	66(1.5)	22(3.2)
Wealth index	Poorest	1130(22.7)	61(24.4)	0.069
	Poorer	583(24.3)	54(32.0)
	Middle	514(23.7)	42(23.2)
	Richer	456(22)	36(17.4)
	Richest	182(7.3)	10(3.0)
Region	Tigray	449(7.5)	95(9.9)	<0.001
	Afar	407(1.0)	7(0.1)
	Amhara	402(21.2)	140(38.7)
	Oromia	559(41.8)	77(29.2)
	Somali	432(3.8)	1(0.0)
	Benishangul Gumuz	301(1.1)	67(1.3)
	SNNPR	521(23.0)	86(20.3)
	Gambela	211(0.2)	41(0.3)
	Harari	146(0.2)	16(0.1)
	Dire Dawa	92(0.2)	11(0.1)
Number of children	0	2410(71.8)	151(27.5)
	1–2	922(23.5)	358(66.5)	<0.001
	3+	188(4.7)	32(6.1)
Mass media exposure	No	2816(77.4)	381(74.5)	0.22
	Yes	704(22.6)	160(25.5)

Table 2 Profile of Respondents in Relation to Utilization of Modern Contraceptives Among Urban Youths Women in Ethiopia (n=2340)

Variables	Category	Urban		Chi-Square P value
		Not Used Modern Contraceptives	Used Modern Contraceptive
		n (wt. %)	n (wt. %)
Age	15–19	1182(61.4)	64(20.6)	<0.001
	20–24	803(38.6)	291(79.4)
Religion	Orthodox	1061(57.1)	226(72.8)	0.026
	Catholic	8(0.4)	8(0.4)
	Protestant	255(22.6)	46(10.5)
	Muslim	658(19.7)	80(12.1)
	Other	3(0.1)	3(1.2)
Marital status	Single	1618(85.5)	59(14.2)	<0.001
	Married	284(10.5)	273(81.2)
	Separated/divorced	83(4.0)	23(4.6)
Women education	No education	146(4.6)	16(2.5)	0.242
	Primary	790(35.6)	162(40.7)
	Secondary	681(39.2)	105(32.2)
	Higher	368(20.6)	72(24.5)
Wealth index	Poorest	197(12.5)	29(14.5)	0.069
	Poorer	286(17.1)	94(30.1)
	Middle	409(21.7)	129(28.1)
	Richer	426(22.7)	58(17.4)
	Richest	667(26.0)	45(10.0)
Region	Tigray	159(8.5)	37(10.0)	0.031
	Afar	55(0.8)	31(2.2)
	Amhara	70(16.1)	20(26.2)
	Oromia	90(25.4)	15(23.1)
	Somali	136(2.9)	4(0.4)
	Benishangul- Gumuz	60(0.9)	19(1.6)
	SNNPR	86(13.4)	20(12.9)
	Gambela	122(0.6)	39(1.0)
	Harari	179(0.6)	38(0.7)
	Addis Ababa	706(28.9)	88(20.0)
	Dire Dawa	92(0.2)	11(0.1)
Number of children	0	1807(94.2)	155(49.8)
	1–2	159(5.6)	195(49.6)	<0.001
	3+	19(0.3)	5(0.6)
Mass media exposure	No	598(26.3)	108(37.1)	0.03
	Yes	1387(73.7)	247(62.9)

Figure 2 The magnitude of modern contraceptive use in relation to mass media family planning messages in rural area (n=4061).

Figure 3 The magnitude of modern contraceptive use in relation to mass media family planning messages in urban area (n=2340).

Table 3 Bivariate and Multivariate Analyses to Assess the Association Between Exposure to Mass Media Family Planning Messages and Modern Contraceptive Uses Among Youth Women in Ethiopia

Variables	Category	Rural		Urban
		COR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)	COR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)
Age	15–19	1	1	1	1
	20–24	3.98(3.07–5.15)	0.91(0.65,1.25)	6.13(3.38–11.1)	1.69(0.95,3.01)
Religion	Orthodox	1	1	1	1
	Catholic	0.91(0.31–2.62)	1.51(0.63,3.68)	0.81(0.21–2.72)	1.21(0.63,4.53)
	Protestant	0.62(0.45–0.83)	1.211(0.692,2.12)	0.48(0.25–0.90)	0.38(0.16,0.89)*
	Muslim	0.33(0.23–0.47)	0.42(0.26,0.68)*	0.48(0.27–0.83)	0.37(0.15,0.91)*
	Other	0.23(0.04–1.37)	0.32(0.06,1.73)	6.72(0.61–7.46)	3.64(0.97,13.5)
Marital status	Single	1	1	1	1
	Married	42.8(23.9–7.67)	58.1(31.0,108)*	46.5(27.7–77.9)	39.7(20.1,78.8)*
	Separated/divorced	20.3(10.4–39.9)	18.7(8.7,40.2)*	6.89(2.37–19.9)	4.7(1.84,12.2)*
Women education	No education	1	1	1	1
	Primary	0.76(0.55–1.04)	1.17(0.82,1.67)	2.08(0.59–7.26)	6.35(1.18,34.4)*
	Secondary	0.76(0.51–1.15)	1.45(0.87,2.42)	1.49(0.44–5.11)	5.55(1.30,23.7)*
	Higher	1.73(0.83–3.64)	5.55(1.73,17.7)*	2.18(0.76–6.17)	7.67(1.90,30.9)*
Wealth index	Poorest	1	1	1	1
	Poorer	1.68(1.11–2.56)	1.63(0.95,2.78)	13.1(0.78–21.8)	15.5(1.78,135)*
	Middle	1.72(1.14–2.59)	2.04(1.23,3.40)*	0.39(0.03–6.22)	0.58(0.05,6.62)
	Richer	1.69(1.16–2.46)	2.77(1.73,4.43)*	27.3(2.94 −252)	40.7(3.99,416)*
	Richest	1.90(1.12–3.22)	2.69(1.33,5.42)*	5.02(0.74–33.7)	3.75(0.85,16.5)
Region	Tigray	1.87(1.22–2.87)	1.53(0.90,2.58)	1.29(0.64–2.63)	0.61(0.18,1.98)
	Afar	0.15(0.07–0.36)	0.27(0.11,0.69)	3.02(1.29–7.04)	1.74(0.39, 7.80)
	Amhara	2.61(1.80–3.79)	3.05(1.76,5.25)*	1.79(0.82–3.94)	166(0.51,5.45)
	Oromia	1	1	1	1
	Somali	0.01(0.002–0.09)	0.03(0.003,0.18)*	0.17(0.04 −0.64)	0.01(0.003,0.45)*
	Benishangul-Gumuz	1.66(1.04–2.66)	1.47(0.86,2.52)	2.11(0.62–7.13)	0.75(0.17,3.21)
	SNNPR	1.26(0.84–1.92)	1.16(0.67,2.02)	1.06(0.45–2.49)	0.39(0.10,1.57)
	Gambela	2.16(1.21–3.85)	1.22(0.62,2.38)	1.97(0.94–4.15)	0.65(0.11,3.81)
	Harari	0.78(0.43–1.42)	0.66(0.34,1.28)	1.30(0.68–2.45)	0.72(0.22,2.35)
	Dire Dawa	1.01(0.35–2.88)	1.62(0.56,4.64)	0.93(0.47–1.82)	0.68(0.31,2.99)
	Addis Ababa	-	-	0.76(0.41–1.43)	0.96(0.31, 2.99)
Number of children	0	1	1	1	1
	1–2	7.41(5.50–9.93)	1.92(1.37,2.67)*	16.8(9.20–30.9)	2.54(1.14, 5.66)*
	3+	3.38(1.86–6.14)	1.19(0.61, 2.34)	4.18(1.21–14.4)	5.57(0.31,10.1)
Mass media	No	1	1	1	1
	Yes	1.17(0.91–1.53)	1.20(0.85–1.70)	0.61(0.38–0.95)	0.38(0.21–0.68)*

Notes: *Statistically significant association by adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.