Knowledge of the Ovulatory Period and Associated Factors Among Reproductive Women in Ethiopia: A Population-Based Study Using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Women Included in this Demographic Health Survey Analysis (N=15,683), Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2016

Variables		Frequency	Percentage
Age (years)	15–19	3,498	22.3
	20–24	2,903	18.5
	25–29	2,845	18.1
	30–34	2,241	14.3
	35–39	1,917	12.2
	40–44	1,302	8.3
	45–49	977	6.2
Residence	Rural	10,335	65.9
	Urban	5,348	34.1
Educational status	No education	7,033	44.8
	Primary	5,213	33.2
	Secondary and above	3,437	21.9
Marital status	Never in union/not married	4,278	27.3
	Ever married	11,405	72.7
Occupation (within last 12 months)	No occupation (not working)	8,045	51.3
	Has occupation (working)	7,638	48.7

Table 2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Women’s Response Regarding Knowledge of the Ovulation Period, Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, 2016

Question		Frequency (n)	Percent (%)
When do you think the ovulation period of a woman is?	During menses or period	482	3.1
	Immediately after menses or period ended	4,021	25.6
	At the middle of the menstrual cycle	3,699	23.6
	Immediately before menses or period begins	1,153	7.4
	At any time	3,087	19.7
	Do not know	3,241	20.7
	Total	15,683	100.0

Figure 1 Percentage distribution of knowledge about the ovulation period among reproductive women in Ethiopia, Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2016.

Table 3 Binary and Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis for Factors Associated with Knowledge of the Ovulation Period, Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2016

Variables		Knowledge of Ovulation Period		COR (95% CI)	AOD (95% CI)
		Not Knowledgeable	Knowledgeable
Age (years)	<20	2,850	648	1
	20–39	7,361	2,545	1.52 (1.38, 1.68)	1.56 (1.39, 1.75)*
	>39	1,773	506	1.26 (1.10, 1.43)	1.77 (1.52, 2.06)*
Residence	Rural	8,674	1,661	1
	Urban	3,310	2,038	3.22 (2.98, 3.47)	1.93 (1.76, 2.12)*
Educational status	Not educated	6,022	1,011	1
	Primary	4,035	1,178	1.74 (1.56, 1.91)	1.71 (1.54, 1.89)*
	Secondary	1,377	861	3.72 (3.34, 4.15)	3.05 (2.68, 3.46)*
	Higher	550	649	7.03 (6.16, 8.02)	4.39 (3.77, 5.11)*
Living with their husband	No	5,464	1,771	1
	Yes	6,520	1,928	0.91 (0.85, 0.98)	1.19 (1.08, 1.31)*
Occupation	No	6,335	1,710	1
	Yes	5,649	1,989	1.30 (1.21, 1.40)	0.99 (0.91, 1.07)
Get counseling on family planning methods (within last 12 months)	No	10,419	2,981	1
	Yes	1,565	718	1.60 (1.46, 1.77)	1.33 (1.20, 1.48)*
Currently use family planning	No	9,677	2,694	1
	Yes	2,307	1,005	1.57 (1.44, 1.70)	1.23 (1.11, 1.37)*
Recent sexual activity (within last 4 weeks)	No	6,183	1,945	1
	Yes	5,801	1,754	1.04 (0.97, 1.12)
Have menstruation within last 6 months	No	5,176	1,237	1
	Yes	6,808	2,462	1.51 (1.40, 1.64)	1.30 (1.18, 1.42)*
Currently pregnant	No	11,106	3,455	1
	Yes	878	244	0.89 (0.77, 1.04)	1.22 (1.03, 1.46)*

Note: *Significance at p<0.05 on multiple logistic regression.

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odds ratio.