Predictors of Intention to Use Maternity Waiting Home Among Pregnant Women in Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic presentation of sampling procedure in assessment of predictors’ intention to use maternity waiting home in Bench Maji Zone, South West Ethiopia, 2018.

Table 1 Internal Consistency of Constructs Theory of Planned Behaviors

Components	Items	Cronbach’s Alpha
Direct attitude	5	0.80
Direct SN	4	0.81
Direct PBC	4	0.72
Behavioral Belief	8	0.87
Evaluation of outcome	8	0.81
Normative belief	6	0.85
Motivation to comply	6	0.83
Control belief (CB)	6	0.77
Power of control (PC)	6	0.78
Intension	4	0.82

Table 2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Mothers in Bench Maji Zone South West Ethiopia (N=829) October 2018

Variables	Frequency (%)
Age group
Less than 20	100 (12.1)
21–34	641 (77.3)
Above 35	88 (10.6)
Religion
Protestant	520 (62.7)
Orthodox	268 (32.3)
Muslim	61 (5)
Ethnicity
Bench	250 (30.2)
Sheko	126 (15.2)
Amhara	145 (17.5)
Menit	173 (20.9)
Kafa	110 (13.3)
Others^a	25 (3)
Marital status
Married	740 (89.3)
Single	49 (5.9)
Widowed and Divorced	40 (4.8)
Educational status
No education	449 (52.2)
Primary Education	366 (45)
Secondary Education and above	14 (1.8)
Occupational status
Housewife	740 (89.3)
Merchant	34 (4.1)
Daily laborer	55 (6.6)

Note: ^aTigre, Majang, Oromo.

Table 3 Reproductive Characteristics of Pregnant Mothers in Bench Maji Zone South West Ethiopia (N=829) October 2018

Variables	Frequency (%)
History of childbirth (n=829)
Yes	641 (77.3)
No	188 (22.7)
Pregnancy status (n=817)
Wanted	708 (86.7)
Unwanted	109 (13.3)
Status of recent delivery (n= 653)
Healthy	610 (93.4)
Stillbirth and others	43 (6.6)
Place of recent delivery (n=582)
Home	219 (37.6)
Health facility	363 (62.4)
History ANC for current pregnancy (n=811)
Yes	761 (91.8)
No	50 (8.2)
Previous MWH use (n=829)
Yes	323 (39)
No	506 (61)

Table 4 Descriptive Statistics for the Components of the Theory of Planned Behavior Pregnant Mothers in Bench Maji Zone South West Ethiopia (N=829) October 2018

Components	N	Items	Scale Range	Scale Mean (SD)
Direct SN	803	4	4–20	15.97 (5.66)
Direct attitude	814	5	5–25	19.71 (3.70)
Direct PBC	790	4	4–20	13.92 (3.55)
Behavioral Belief	829	8	8–40	31.38 (5.66)
Evaluation of outcome	829	8	8–40	32.52 (5.53)
Normative belief	816	6	6–30	23.88 (4.52)
Motivation to comply	816	6	6–30	23.05 (4.58)
Control belief (CB)	813	6	6–30	19.89 (5.26)
Power of control (PC)	813	6	6–30	21.49 (4.90)
Intension	829	4	4–20	14.17 (2.38)
Indirect attitude ∑(BB)(EO)	829	8	8–200	135.5 (35.94)
Indirect SN ∑(NB)(MC)	813	6	6–150	97.78 (29.49)
Indirect PBC ∑(CB)(PC)	816	6	6–150	79.21 (30.90)

Abbreviations: SN, subjective norm; PBC, perceived behavioral control; CB, control belief; PC, perceive control; BB, behavioral belief; EO, evaluation of an outcome; MC, motivation to comply; CB, control belief; NB, normative belief.

Table 5 Partial Correlations Among the Indirect and Direct Measures of TPB, Bench Maji Zone South West Ethiopia (N=829) October 2018

Components	Intension	Indirect Att	Indirect SN	Indirect PBC	Direct SN	Direct Att	Direct PCB
Intension	1
Indirect Att	0.847**	1
Indirect SN	0.935**	0.839**	1
Indirect PBC	0.916**	0.762**	0.920**	1
Direct SN	0.802**	0.740**	0.908**	0.778**	1
Direct Att	0.671**	0.868**	0.616**	0.562**	0.561**	1
Direct PCB	0.799**	0.697**	0.810**	0.871**	0.703**	0.529**	1

Note: **Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Table 6 Predictors of Intention to Use MWH Among Pregnant Mothers on Multivariable Linear Regression Analysis Bench Maji Zone South West Ethiopia (N=829) October 2018

Model	Standardized β Coefficients	P value	95.0% CI for β
Constant	3.35	0.002	(1.26, 5.44)
History of abortion	−0.03	0.24	(−0.54, 0.14)
History of childbirth	0.004	0.87	(−1.71, 2.03)
Place of recent delivery	0.01	0.64	(−0.18, 0.29)
Age of marriage	0.01	0.76	(−0.02, 0.03)
Current pregnancy intention	−0.04	0.19	(−0.55, 0.11)
ANC use for current pregnancy	0.07	0.03	(0.05, 1.01)
History of MWH use	0.02	0.46	(−0.14, 0.31)
No education	RG	RG	RG
Primary education husband	−0.02	0.65	(−0.48, 0.30)
Secondary education husband	−0.02	0.62	(−0.46, 0.28)
Housewife	RG	RG	RG
Daily laborer husband	0.01	0.66	(−0.32, 0.51)
Merchant husband	0.02	0.49	(−0.25, 0.53)
Direct SN	0.47	< 0.001	(0.28, 0.58)
Direct attitude	0.12	< 0.001	(0.04, 0.22)
Direct PCB	0.42	< 0.001	(0.22, 0.52)

Abbreviation: RG, reference group.