A Culturally Sensitive and Supportive Maternity Care Service Increases the Uptake of Maternity Waiting Homes in Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1 Conceptual framework illustrating factors associated with utilization of maternal waiting homes.

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents (N=379)

Variables	Category	Frequency	Percent (%)
Age	15–19	32	8.4
	20–24	99	26.1
	25–29	134	35.4
	30–34	72	19.0
	35 and above	42	11.1
Maternal occupation	Housewife	299	78.9
	Farmer	54	14.2
	Student	12	3.2
	Merchant	7	1.8
	Governmental/NGO employment	7	1.8
Husbands occupation	Farmer	309	81.5
	Merchant	44	11.6
	Daily laborer	13	3.4
	Governmental employee	13	3.4
Maternal educational level	No education	190	50.1
	Primary (1–8)	169	44.6
	Secondary (9–10)	12	3.2
	Preparatory and above	8	2.1
Husbands educational level	No education	152	40.1
	Primary (1–8)	194	51.2
	Secondary (9–10)	20	5.3
	Preparatory and above	13	3.4
Religion	Muslim	75	19.8
	Orthodox	201	53.0
	Protestant	82	21.6
	Catholic	21	5.5
Ethnicity	Keffa	279	73.6
	Amhara	67	17.7
	Oromo	33	8.7
Average monthly income	≤500ETB	86	22.7
	501–1499	246	64.9
	1500–2499	35	9.2
	2500–3499	9	2.4
	3500 and above	3	0.8
Family size	1–5	263	69.4
	5–7	92	24.3
	above 7	24	6.3

Table 2 Maternal and Health Facility-Related Factors (N=379)

Maternal-Related Factors	Category	Frequency	%
Having someone to care for their children/husbands	Yes	168	44.3
	No	211	55.7
Husband’s approval of woman’s going and staying at MWHs	Yes	195	51.5
	No	184	48.5
Concern about their marriage when they stay in MWH	Yes	157	41.4
	No	222	58.6
Having family member to accompany and stay in the MWH	Yes	156	41.2
	No	223	58.8
Health Facility Service-Related Factors
Privacy in MWHs & labour ward	Yes	144	38.0
	No	235	62.0
Having companion at MWHs	Yes	134	35.4
	No	245	64.6
Availability of food service	Yes	220	58.0
	No	159	42.0
Availability of blankets, bed mattress, and other materials	Yes	60	15.8
	No	319	84.2
Regular visit of the mother by midwives	Yes	258	68.1
	No	121	31.9
Accessibility of electric power	Yes	307	81.0
	No	72	19.0
Maternity waiting home too small or crowded	Yes	247	65.2
	No	132	34.8
Availability of extra space for cooking food, coffee, etc.	Yes	238	62.8
	No	141	37.2
Availability of toilets	Yes	247	65.2
	No	132	34.8
Availability of bath rooms	Yes	103	27.2
	No	276	72.8
Availability of water supply and firewood	Yes	66	17.4
	No	313	82.6
Availability of traditional ceremony after delivery	Yes	72	19.0
	No	307	81.0

Table 3 Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Utilization of MWHs (N= 379)

Variables	Category	MWH Utilization		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI_	P-value
		Utilized	Not Utilized
Decision-maker for the utilization of MWHs	My self	119	59	8.42 (5.17–13.7)	12.74 (6.18–26.2 6)	<0.001
	My family	8	17	1.965 (0.78–4.93)	2.68 (0.81–8.86)	0.105
	Husbands	34	142	1	1
Having someone for child and/or husband care	Yes	103	69	3.83 (2.49–5.89)	2.71 (1.44–5.09)	<0.01
	No	58	149	1	1
Availability of food service in MWHs	Yes	122	98	3.83 (2.44–5.99)	4.03 (2.07–7.85)	<0.001
	No	39	120	1	1
Availability of extra space for cooking food, coffee, etc	Yes	140	98	8.16 (4.8–13.87)	9.55 (4.45–20.47)	<0.001
	No	21	120	1	1
Husband approval to use MWHs	Yes	38	157	0.12 (0.075–0.195)	0.17 (0.09–0.32)	<0.001
	No	123	61	1	1
Mother’s attitude	Negative	7	69	0.09 (0.04–0.22)	0.09 (0.031–0.23)	<0.001
	Positive	154	149	1	1

Notes: 1 – reference group, and the above variables are adjusted for husband’s educational level, whether woman had ANC follow-up during the index pregnancy, had previous obstetric complications, had a family companion to MWHs, had concern on her marriage while staying in MWHs, MWH was too small and/or crowded, has water supply and firewood.